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Prevention Principles for Practitioners: A Solution or an Illusion?
Published in Gary Rosenberg, Weissman Andrew, Behavioral and Social Sciences in 21st Century Health Care: Contributions and Opportunities, 2021
Abraham Lurie, Kathleen Monahan
Some have identified this global stance to ameliorate difficulties as Prevention Science. “Prevention Science comprises scientific efforts supporting the development of interventions that prevent the development of problematic psychological, social and/or physical outcomes across the lifespan” (Prevention Science Website, http://www.oslc.org/ecpn/sitemap.html).
Thinking Systematically for Enduring Family Change
Published in Marc H. Bornstein, Psychological Insights for Understanding COVID-19 and Families, Parents, and Children, 2020
Gregory M. Fosco, Brian Bumbarger, Katharine T. Bamberger
Another emerging perspective in prevention science is the problem of heterogeneity of family needs as they engage in prevention programs; this is a serious consideration at all levels, but is particularly salient for universal-level prevention programs. There is growing recognition that families differ in their needs and responsiveness to prevention programs (Weissberg & Greenberg, 1998). Some families may have broad support needs, while other families’ needs may be more narrowly supported by specific components of a program. This issue presents a challenge for programs delivered as a standardized curriculum and has led some program designers to use adaptive strategies that modify the curriculum based on the unique needs of a given family. However, evidence-based application of adaptive programs requires that careful attention is given to the key characteristics of an individual or family that are related to program response (i.e., the “tailoring variables”) and to the empirically guided decision rules for how and when to adapt programs (Collins, Murphy, & Bierman, 2004). Sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) designs have arisen as a way of developing and evaluating adaptive programs (Murphy, 2005). Briefly, this approach helps identify the tailoring variables, decision rules, and corresponding optimal program component sets and sequences that will allow for an empirically guided adaptive approach (for reviews, see Collins, Nahum-Shani, & Almirall, 2014; Collins et al., 2007; Murphy, 2005).
Predictors of uptake and retention in an intervention to improve social reactions to disclosures of sexual assault and partner abuse
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Emily A. Waterman, Katie M. Edwards, Lindsey M. Rodriguez, Sarah E. Ullman, Christina M. Dardis
Sexual assault (SA) and partner abuse (PA) are major public health issues that require interventions that not only prevent SA and PA but also improve response to SA and PA. However, recruitment and retention for SA and PA prevention and intervention initiatives remain major challenges in this field1,2 as in prevention science more widely.3 Because recruitment is a key issue facing both researchers and practitioners, researchers have begun to examine a broad range of factors associated with participation,4 including whether or not a potential participant attends an intervention. This initial attendance is also known as intervention uptake.5 Another important participation factor is retention, or whether a participant continues with the intervention after attending an initial session.3 Uptake and retention are important to researchers, as evaluating an intervention’s effectiveness requires participants to both attend an intervention and to stay engaged long enough to receive sufficient dosage.6 Uptake and retention are also important for practitioners, as creating population-level change via an intervention requires enough community members to attend an intervention to receive enough information to apply it in their own lives.7
Preventing substance use among Latino youth: Initial results from a multistate family-based program focused on youth academic success
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2022
Ronald B. Cox, Isaac Washburn, Kimberly Greder, Sumeyra Sahbaz, Hua Lin
The present study has several strengths that enhance the field of prevention science. First, this pilot study uses two sources of evidence to demonstrate the effects of the intervention: an interrupted time series design that followed Latino youth across four years; and a comparison to a matched sample of Latino youth from the NLSY. Second, most studies are conducted with Latino populations in established enclaves where Latinos have resided for decades. As Latinos move to other areas of the country, it is important to conduct studies in these different environmental contexts. Third, the prevention strategy used in this intervention is somewhat novel in that it was developed for Latino immigrant families residing in new settlement areas, does not rely on Master’s level clinicians or teachers, and can be delivered by community health workers or “promotors” (42), with the objective to improve academic outcomes rather than a focus on drug use. Thus the change in the typical trajectory of SU was an unintended, but welcomed result.
Past, Present, and Future: Editorial on Virtual Reality Applications to Human Services
Published in Journal of Technology in Human Services, 2019
Mark H. Trahan, Kenneth Scott Smith, Thomas B. Talbot
Generally, once interventions are deemed efficacious and effective, research can begin to focus on the implementation questions, including feasibility of scaling and barriers to adaptation in the larger culture. These studies are the next generation of intervention evolution, to understand how the intervention can impact the broader population and evaluate potential pitfalls of this scaling up process. Recognized as a stage of research that is still in a conceptual infancy (Spoth et al., 2013), this type of research may require more organization and community data about the level of adoption, implementation, and sustainability of the intervention (Gottfredson et al., 2015). In prevention science, one element of this potential direction of research is community willingness to adapt to the new intervention (Gottfredson et al., 2015; Spoth et al., 2013). With a lack of specificity about how to measure "community readiness," authors admit that the lack of ability to measure this construct appears to be a barrier to overcoming our understanding of the scaling process (Gottfredson et al., 2015).