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Environment, Housing, Health, and Social Care
Published in Rachael E. Docking, Jennifer Stock, International Handbook of Positive Aging, 2017
Jill Stewart, Ann Pascoe, Elaine Wiersma, Hilde Verbeek
Nowadays, residential care should be as homelike as possible. Person-centred models of care are prominent, in which emphasis is put on support of residents’ autonomy and overall well-being. Older people should be enabled to continue their lifestyle as before admission to a residential or nursing care setting. Furthermore, environmental design should support autonomy, privacy, personal identity, and socialisation (e.g. Fleming and Purandare, 2010). Instead of big hospital or hotel-like surroundings with a complex organisation, small settings that resemble an archetypical home situation were suggested to support people with dementia. Current theory, with Lawton’s ecological model on supportive environments being highly influential (Lawton and Nahemow, 1973), stresses that a match is needed between the person’s needs, his/her abilities, and environmental demands to elicit adequate behaviour in people with dementia. This is also referred to as person/environment fit. If environmental demands exceed people’s ability to cope, they will have more difficulty to maintain adequate behaviour. These principles have important implications for care environments, especially for people with dementia, as they experience diminished physical and/or mental disabilities due to their illness, increasing the environment’s influence on their behaviour and general well-being.
Current research on development and adaptation in late life
Published in Peter G. Coleman, Ann O’Hanlon, Aging and Development, 2017
Peter G. Coleman, Ann O’Hanlon
Van Haitsma is a past colleague and member of the same Pennsylvanian research institute as the late Powell Lawton whose pioneering work on environmental design and congruence with individual needs was referred to in the previous chapter. In designing the study on individualised care Van Haitsma drew both on Lawton’s model of ‘person–environment fit’ and two other theories, Deci and Ryan’s ‘self-determination theory’ (Deci and Ryan, 2000), referred to earlier in this chapter, and Frederickson’s ‘broaden-and-build theory’ (Frederickson, 2001; Frederickson and Losada, 2005). The former stresses the importance of autonomy and connectedness which are strengthened by listening to and supporting a person’s preferences, as well as of competence which is reinforced by conducting known and liked activities. The latter emphasises the different roles of positive and negative emotions. The former opens up possibilities for further engagement whereas the latter tends to constrict activities.
Development of palliative medicine in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Published in Eduardo Bruera, Irene Higginson, Charles F von Gunten, Tatsuya Morita, Textbook of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, 2015
In reviewing the research, Maslach et al. [16] note previous research in occupational stress focused on the person-environment fit model [26]. More recent research focuses on the degree of match or mismatch between the person and six domains of the job environment. The greater the gap or mismatch between the person and the environment, the greater the likelihood of burnout. The greater the match or fit, the greater the likelihood of engagement with work. Mismatches arise when the process of establishing a psychological contract leaves critical issues unresolved or when the working relationship changes to something that the person finds unacceptable. Six areas of work-life come together in a framework that encompasses the major organizational antecedents of burnout: workload, control, reward, community, fairness, and values. Additional variance in burnout scores over and above job stressors derives from emotion-work variables that require the individual to display or suppress emotions on the job and involve the requirement to be emotionally empathic [16].
Risk Factors for Depression in Long-term Care: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2021
Rebecca Chau, David W. Kissane, Tanya E. Davison
Worsening person-environment fit was statistically significantly associated with increases in depression score. This finding merits further investigation, particularly because of the potential that the person-environment fit concept has for modifiability, prevention and intervention. The long-term-care environment is predominantly assessed with objective quality indicators, but a person-centered perspective, such as person-environment fit, has received scant attention in the literature. Yet as the long-term-care industry transforms over the coming decades there may be increasing demand to assess the manner in which person-environment fit may be associated with mental health outcomes. For although it is reasonably assumed that an objectively higher quality of care and environment would be associated with improved mental health, this overlooks the role of individual fit with the home environment, one that is idiosyncratic and dependent on prior environmental experience.
Congruence is not everything: a response surface analysis on the role of fit between actual and preferred working time arrangements for work-life balance
Published in Chronobiology International, 2020
Corinna Brauner, Anne Marit Wöhrmann, Alexandra Michel
Person-environment fit in the work context is defined as the “compatibility between an individual and a work environment that occurs when their characteristics are well matched” (Kristof-Brown et al. 2005, 281). Person-environment fit theory proposes that well-being increases as supplies increase toward values (French et al. 1982; Harrison 1978). The reasoning behind this is that a lack of supplies implies that people’s needs or desires remain unfulfilled, resulting in impairments in well-being (Edwards and Rothbard 1999). Higher well-being could be expected in case of perfect congruence, that is, if characteristics of the environment ideally match a person’s preferences (Kreiner 2006). However, besides a congruence effect, asymmetric effects or main effects are conceivable within the scope of person-environment fit theory (French et al. 1982; Harrison 1978). Thus, well-being may also increase or remain stable as supplies exceed preferences. In the following, we will address the interplay between employees’ preferences and the supplies that the working environment offers in terms of three different dimensions of working time arrangements.
‘It's off to work we go!’ Person–environment fit and turnover intentions in managerial and administrative mining personnel
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2019
Within the mining industry, extreme work conditions, job commitment and job satisfaction are commonly identified to be the strongest predictors of turnover intentions [37]. Mistrust between an organization’s head office and their on-site mining personnel have been linked with high turnover intentions for senior management staff, line-managers and employees [38]. Due to turnover intentions originating from incongruence in trust, values or goals between employees and organizations, it is suggested P–O fit will predict employee turnover intentions in professional mining personnel. As such, it is hypothesized that:H3: Person–organization fit will be significantly negatively related to turnover intentions above other person–environment fit indices (A–D fit, N–S fit).