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Published in Ken Addley, MCQs, MEQs and OSPEs in Occupational Medicine, 2023
The requirement for health surveillance is dependent on the level of residual risk. It is not always required when there is exposure to asthma-causing agents if there is no residual risk after the control measures are in place. Health surveillance may be required even when exposures are below the occupational exposure limits. It differs from medical screening which is typically related to health promotion and generally does not distinguish between the health effects of exposure and those from pre-existing conditions.
Occupational Asthma
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Bill Brashier, Amruta Wankhede
There are a number of medical conditions that can occur because of occupational exposures. There are a multitude of causative agents associated with this disease and numerous occupations at increased risk (Stevens and Grammer 2015). Occupational agents and industrial technologies are continuously being introduced to the work environment and require periodic health surveillance among exposed workers to detect early signs of disease (Quirce and Sastre 2019).
Measurement of Exposure and Dose
Published in Samuel C. Morris, Cancer Risk Assessment, 2020
Many occupational exposures are through the air route, and sampling techniques generally use personal exposure monitoring supplemented by fixed monitors. Unlike ambient air measurements, industrial hygienists monitoring the work environment have always focused on measuring what the worker actually breathes. Many of the techniques developed for industrial hygiene have been adapted in the new approaches to estimating exposures in the general population more realistically. The data still must be interpreted with care, however, because, while the aim may be to represent an individual’s exposure, the individual measured may have been selected because he was at greater risk and not because he was representative of a class of workers. Occupational exposure measurements are often made for purposes of exposure management or regulatory compliance. Selection of workplaces and workers included in the measurement design may be biased toward high-exposure workers; care must be taken in using results of these measurements to represent the general exposure levels in an industry or job classification.
Methyl(chloro)isothiazolinone contact allergy: a monocentric experience from Turkey
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2023
Didem Kazan, Evren Odyakmaz-Demirsoy, Rebiay Kiran, Aysun Şikar-Aktürk, Nilgün Sayman, Dilek Bayramgürler
In our study, male patient dominance (72%) and high occupational exposure rate were (66%) quite significant. Recent epidemiological studies reported that MI and/or MCI/MI sensitivities were more common in female patients and a high non-occupational exposure rate was noted [18, 19]. However, male dominance and high occupational exposure rate were found to be higher in the study by Salman [10] in another centre from the same region in our country. We think that similar results with Salman could be explained by the industrial localisation of both centres and the high percentage of factory workers who participated in the study. Herman et al. [19] also reported the same change in MI and MCI/MI sensitivity to occupational exposure and non-cosmetic product sources recently. We also want to emphasise that occupational exposure was higher in patients with MI and/or MCI/MI sensitivity than other allergens.(Table-2) Therefore, we think that new measures should be taken to prevent occupational exposure.
Evaluation of asbestos exposure resulting from simulated application of spiked talcum powders
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2022
Eric W. Miller, Benjamin Roberts, Kara Keeton, Andrew Monnot, Taylor Tarpey, Nicole Zoghby, Alan Segrave, Jennifer S. Pierce
Cumulative tremolite asbestos exposure estimates were calculated assuming that: (1) an individual applied cosmetic talc products containing 0.1% asbestiform tremolite over a period (ED) of 1, 20, 45 and 70 years; (2) the exposure frequency (EF; applications per day) is consistent with the 50th and 90th percentile daily frequencies reported by EPA for ‘baby powder – adult use’ (0.13–0.22 and 0.57–1.00 applications per day), ‘powders’ (0.18–0.39 and 1.00 applications per day), and ‘face powders’ (0.33–0.67 and 1.00–1.29 applications per day) (EPA 2011); and (3) an exposure time (ET) of 0.5 h per application. The mean and maximum measured 30-min PCME measurements (C; f/cc) from this study were used for the 50th and 90th percentile cumulative exposure estimates, respectively. The standardization over a work year permits comparisons to cumulative occupational exposures, occupational epidemiology studies, and occupational standards. The standardization over an environmental year allows for comparisons to asbestos exposures from ambient air.
A follow-up study on workers involved in the graphene production process after the introduction of exposure mitigation measures: evaluation of genotoxic and oxidative effects
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2022
Delia Cavallo, Cinzia Lucia Ursini, Anna Maria Fresegna, Aureliano Ciervo, Fabio Boccuni, Riccardo Ferrante, Francesca Tombolini, Raffaele Maiello, Pieranna Chiarella, Giuliana Buresti, Valentina Del Frate, Diana Poli, Roberta Andreoli, Luisana Di Cristo, Stefania Sabella, Sergio Iavicoli
Our results suggest the usefulness of the proposed sensitive and no or minimally invasive biomarkers of early and still repairable genotoxic and oxidative effects for the biomonitoring over time of occupational exposure to a complex scenario (such as graphene production process) including nanoparticle exposure at low dose. Such biomarkers are more sensitive than those used for the biomonitoring of early biological effects (chromosome aberrations frequency, Sister chromatid exchange, MN on lymphocytes, gene mutations, unscheduled DNA synthesis) on workers exposed to carcinogens. The biomarkers proposed in this study, able to highlight early and still repairable DNA damage on biological matrices easily obtainable, could represent a useful tool to add to the above cited biomarkers in the biomonitoring of exposed workers. It is particularly relevant for occupational setting involved in the production of new potentially carcinogenic materials. The proposed approach could represent a useful tool for the biomonitoring of workers exposed not only to NM but also to other chemicals, providing indications in terms of characterization and prevention of risk. Moreover, our approach can also be suitable to verify the effectiveness of mitigation measurements furnishing a useful contribute to the control and management of occupational exposure risk.