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The Future of Parasitology
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2023
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
Water and food security will become harder to insure because the carrying capacity of the world will be pushed to the limit, with but small tolerances for unexpected outcomes such as droughts or floods. In 2020, a locust outbreak, the largest seen in 70 years, threatened East Africa and India. Furthermore, the health of both food plants and animals will be compromised by parasites, many of which have become resistant to our chemical defenses. It seems almost inevitable that inadequate nutrition if not outright starvation will continue to be a frequent outcome for those living in impoverished areas with marginal rainfall.
COVID-19 Pandemic Challenges and Impacts on the SDGs 2030: Indian Perspective
Published in Abbas Rajabifard, Greg Foliente, Daniel Paez, COVID-19 Pandemic, Geospatial Information, and Community Resilience, 2021
Saied Pirasteh, Hishmi Jamil Husain, Tammineni Rajitha
Considering the global impact, we estimated that 2 billion people worldwide are facing moderate food insecurity, and 700 million are facing severe food insecurity. This will be exacerbated by the pandemic, climate shock and the locust attacks as the yield and supply chain is disrupted [17].
Forest Ecosystems
Published in Kezia Barker, Robert A. Francis, Routledge Handbook of Biosecurity and Invasive Species, 2021
Tommaso Sitzia, Thomas Campagnaro, Giuseppe Brundu, Massimo Faccoli, Alberto Santini, Bruce L. Webber
Finally, while categorisation of non-native invasive tree species using such models can be useful for management and prioritisation (Sádlo et al., 2017), case-to-case considerations for their identification should be made by taking into account recipient forest ecosystems and possible trends over time (Didham et al., 2005; Chabrerie et al., 2008). Nevertheless, black locust has been shown to take advantage of ecosystem changes due to modifications of management regimes for its invasion and subsequently can cause important ecological changes to native ecosystems.
Overlapping of locust swarms with COVID-19 pandemic: a cascading disaster for Africa
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2020
Mizanur Rahaman, Otun Saha, Nadira Naznin Rakhi, Miraj Kobad Chowdhury, Peter Sammonds, ASM Maksud Kamal
Simultaneous to the COVID-19 pandemic, locust swarms primarily of desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) are threatening agriculture production and pasture in 23 countries to date. Currently affected are nine countries in the East African region, eleven from North Africa and the Middle East, and three countries from South Asia. Locust outbreaks of large numbers have a history of having extreme effects over food production and mortality. The locust invasion of November 1915–1916 caused starvation or starvation-related diseases in Syria and Palestine, and killed 100,000–200,000 people in the region [2]. The current locust swarm, which began in July 2019, has become endemic in Africa, and alongside the COVID-19 pandemic, it is a disaster with a cascading risk [3]. It is presumed that with the world’s attention on COVID-19, the locust-endemic is perceived as a relatively overlooked hazard risk. This has been borne out due to the failed control of the locust infestation in countries which first saw locusts, including Somalia, Kenya, and South Africa. As a result, the swarm has crossed from the Horn of Africa to Pakistan, where the government has declared a national emergency to combat the attack and save crops, just as the Somalian government did. The cascade of both catastrophes may result in a disaster escalating toward famine, health-hazards and poverty in the regions at risk. A recent locust plague in West Africa (2003–2005) severely disrupted agriculture, destroying 2.5 USD billion in crops destined for both subsistence and export [4].
Characterization and inhibition studies of hemolymph phenoloxidase from Dociostaurus maroccanus
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2018
Bahareh Rafiei, Mohammad Ghadamyari, Sohrab Imani, Vahid Hosseininaveh, Ali Ahadiyat
The Moroccan locust, Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg) is the most destructive pest and causes serious damages to many crops. This pest can be found across South Europe, North Africa and the Middle East and Iran. In addition rangeland destruction, the outbreak of locusts may result in serious ecological processes disruption across landscapes (e.g. carbon and water cycles). Soil erosion and runoff increase are the results of locusts′ unfavorable contribution to the removal of vegetation cover. Moreover, locusts can also affect biodiversity adversely, since they destroy animals’ food sources (Lachininskii, 1989; Lachininskii et al., 2011).