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Recent Trends in Bio-Medical Waste, Challenges and Opportunities
Published in K. Gayathri Devi, Kishore Balasubramanian, Le Anh Ngoc, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Medical Science, 2022
Industrial waste, sewage, and agricultural waste contaminate the water, land, and air. It's also possible that it'll be damaging to people and the environment. Similarly, hospitals and other health care facilities generate a lot of waste, which may transmit diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B and C, and tetanus to anybody who comes into contact with it. Biomedical waste management has recently become a significant issue for hospitals, nursing homes, and the environment. The effective handling of biological waste has now become a worldwide humanitarian problem. With the exception of a few large private hospitals in major cities, none of the smaller hospitals or nursing homes has a sufficient waste disposal infrastructure. These health institutions have been throwing trash into local municipal bins or, worse, out in the open, without regard for safety or the environment. For many years, such negligent disposal has encouraged the illicit reuse of medical waste by rag pickers. India generates approximately three million tonnes of medical waste each year, with an annual growth rate of 8% anticipated. The first step is the construction of large dumping sites and incinerators, which certain progressive states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu are doing against the opposition. We must educate ourselves on this important subject not only for the benefit of health management, but also for the benefit of the community if we want to preserve our environment and community's health.
Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
In addition, mining, agriculture, and deforestation are important energy-intensive activities that impact economies and at the same time directly and indirectly cause soil, air, and land pollution (208–210). Release of industrial waste harms the soil. Food is a big contributor to landfill waste. In addition, industries generate hazardous waste from petroleum refining, mining, and plastic manufacturing. Household hazardous wastes including solvents, plastic items, motor oil, and more, are harmful to human health and the environment. More effective public health policies on hazardous waste management are urgently needed (210). Pollution is observed more in industrialized countries than in developing countries.
Solid waste management
Published in Sandy Cairncross, Richard Feachem, Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics, 2018
Sandy Cairncross, Richard Feachem
Much industrial waste is similar in composition to domestic and commercial refuse although some industries produce toxic or flammable wastes which require special disposal facilities. In Britain 7% of industrial wastes are either toxic, caustic, acidic or flammable.
Promising anti-Helicobacter pylori and anti-inflammatory metabolites from unused parts of Phoenix dactylifera CV ‘Zaghloul’: in vitro and in silico study
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Nada Elhefni, Sherif S. Ebada, Marwa M. Abdel-Aziz, El-Sayed M. Marwan, Saleh El-Sharkawy, Mona El-Neketi
A tremendous amount of agro-industrial waste is being produced worldwide annually. This is due to the enormous expansion of agroindustrial practices as well as human civilization (Faiad et al. 2022). The number of date palm trees exceeds 120 million throughout the world producing annually several million tons of dates (Aydeniz-Güneşer 2022). In Egypt, agricultural wastes are accumulating in large quantities causing environmental drawbacks including serious health hazards. Partial resolution of this problem can be achieved by utilizing this waste economically to produce valuable chemicals and pharmaceuticals (Rao and Rathod 2019). Egypt is one of the largest date palm producers (1.47 million tons in 2012; MT/Y) which also produce a large amounts of agricultural waste. Date palm waste, in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, constitute about 2.8 MT/Y in the form of fruitless bunch, fibrous mesh, fronds and seeds. Thus, agro-industrial waste of date palm represent a serious disposal problem (Jonoobi et al. 2019; Aydeniz-Güneşer 2022; Faiad et al. 2022).
Crafting two-dimensional materials for contrast agents, drug, and heat delivery applications through green technologies
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Dwi Setyawan, Tahta Amrillah, Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah, Fasih Bintang Ilhami, Diva Meisya Maulina Dewi, Zuhra Mumtazah, Agustina Oktafiani, Fayza Putri Adila, Moch Falah Hani Putra
Using chemical-reducing agents in synthesising a 2D material like graphene sheet or GO can be harmful and generate a serious environmental risk [83]. Here, the biogenic waste; sugarcane bagasse also can be used as a raw material of GO. Sugarcane as a plant precursor mainly contains 25-35% hemicellulose, 40-45% cellulose, and 15-35% lignin [84]. Also, as a renewable and abundant source of environmental waste, bagasse usually ended up as industrial waste. Sugarcane also plays an important role as a reductant and stabiliser in the synthesised GO having high electrical conductivity, high intrinsic mobility, chemical, and thermal stability, better colloidal stability, and a large surface area [59,83]. To obtain GO by sugarcane bagasse extract, it can proceed via pyrolysis with complete carbonisation of the carboxyl-based synthetic route. This method is easier and quicker than the Hummers method. This method also can generate carbon quantum dots (cQDs) during the GO synthesis process. The step of this pyrolysis method started with making a sugarcane extract, drying the sugarcane fibres, crushing process, and milling it into powder. There is the main factor that plays an important role during the formation of GO or cQDs, such as pyrolysing temperature and heating period [59].
Spatial distribution of heavy metals in rice grains, rice husk, and arable soil, their bioaccumulation and associated health risks in Haryana, India
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Renu Daulta, Tallapragada Sridevi, Vinod Kumar Garg
Heavy metals in soil may be added by geogenic sources as well as anthropogenic activities (Li et al.2018). Among geogenic sources, igneous rocks are a major contributor of metals to soil (Muradoglu et al.2015). Dixit et al. (2015) reported that the contribution of natural sources is less important as compared to anthropogenic sources. The anthropogenic sources may include disposal of solid waste, raw sludge, industrial waste, fly ash, etc. in the agricultural fields. At several locations wastewater and groundwater are used for irrigation may also be contributing to the metal load of soil. Another reason for metal concentration in soil is that their rate of addition is more than the rate of sequestration and disturbances in geochemical cycles of metals (Dixit et al.2015). It is also evident from the literature that the areas which naturally have higher metal content in the soil there the vegetation is adapted to higher metal concentrations and uptake of metals is generally higher (Presser et al.1994).