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Dental Caries: Resistance Factors — Fluorides
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
Stephen H. Y. Wei, Jan Ekstrand
In 1943 McClure presented a summary of the estimated total daily fluoride intake for children between 1 to 12 years of age from ingested water containing 1 ppm fluoride and foods.9 He assumed that 1200 to 1500 mℓ represented the average daily consumption of water, plus water that is used in beverages. He noted that the fluorine intake from food was uniformly low and ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 mg/day.
Future Developments of Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy (MRS) in Clinical Examinations
Published in Bertil R. R. Persson, Freddy Ståhlberg, Health and Safety of Clinical NMR Examinations, 2019
Bertil R. R. Persson, Freddy Ståhlberg
Combined NMR imaging of fluorine and protons in rats infused with perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion allows direct comparison and identification of PFC in the heart, lung, liver, spleen, and large vessels.37 This method also has potential applications in vascular imaging. Imaging studies of blood flow and perfusion using fluorine-labeled compounds have been performed on animals by Horner et al.32 and Joseph et al.38
Production of High Specific Activity Compounds Labeled with Short-Lived Radionuclides
Published in William C. Eckelman, Lelio G. Colombetti, Receptor-Binding Radiotracers, 2019
M.J. Welch, K.D. McElvany, T.J. Tewson
Fluorine is the most electronegative and reactive element in the periodic table, which makes it difficult to extract the activity from the production target in a synthetically useful form. If pure neon is bombarded, all of the fluorine-18 which is formed sticks to the target walls.46 If the target is heated and flushed with a variety of inert gases, the fluorine-18 can be removed and condensed onto a cold surface as a readily exchangeable fluoride ion.47 Bombarding a mixture of neon and hydrogen while constantly circulating the target gases over cesium hydroxide gives 18F-labeled cesium fluoride, which can also be used as a precursor in further syntheses.48
Royal jelly arranges apoptotic and oxidative stress pathways and reduces damage to liver tissues of rats by down-regulation of Bcl-2, GSK3 and NF-κB and up-regulation of caspase and Nrf-2 protein signalling pathways
Published in Biomarkers, 2023
Abdullah Aslan, Ozlem Gok, Seda Beyaz, Gozde Parlak, Muhammed Ismail Can, Ramazan Gundogdu, Serpil Baspinar, Ibrahim Hanifi Ozercan, Akif Evren Parlak
Fluoride (F) is extensively used in dentistry for the protection of caries. Excessive fluoride intake can reason side effects, particularly in hard tissues (bones and teeth). Fluoride is a very important chemical for dental, bone health and drinking water. The World Health Organization Guidelines stated that a fluoride ratio in drinking water ranging from 0.7 to 1.0 mg/L−1 is appropriate. However, many epidemiological studies have stated that excessive fluoride intake causes adverse effects on human health (WHO 2004). Receiving high doses of fluoride can also cause serious damage to soft tissues such as the liver, heart, kidney and muscle in animals. The liver plays an important role in oxidative detoxification. The most affected proteins in the liver following exposure to fluoride are those related to metabolism and energy regulation. Indeed, the change in energy metabolism was displayed to be directly related to oxidative stress (Silva Pereira et al. 2018). Animal studies have shown that low levels of fluoride exposure can affect liver protein expression and increase fat deposits in the liver. High fluoride exposure can cause cellular necrosis, oxidative stress to hypertrophic liver tissue and increased oxidative damage (Malin et al. 2019).
An expert overview of pulmonary fibrosis in sarcoidosis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2023
Rohit Gupta, Jin Sun Kim, Robert P Baughman
Another imaging modality that is useful in selected cases is fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). FDG-PET combines CT imaging with radiotracers to provide three-dimensional mapping of organs with high glucose metabolism. FDG-PET has been used to identify inflammatory lesions and organ involvement, monitor disease activity and therapeutic response, predict relapses and long-term prognosis of sarcoidosis [52–56]. Increased PET activity in sarcoidosis was associated with the severity of pulmonary involvement assessed by HRCT features including parenchymal consolidation, nodules, pleural thickening, lymphadenopathy, and fibrosis of the bronchovascular bundle [57]. However, there is no threshold SUV identified that distinguishes active disease from fibrosis, and concordant findings for disease activity by HRCT and FDG-PET appear to be less than 50% [56,58]. Yet, the presence of increased PET activity has been shown to correlate with response to anti-inflammatory treatment in chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis [59,60].
Virgin coconut oil complements with its polyphenol components mitigate sodium fluoride toxicity in vitro and in vivo
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Soorya Parathodi Illam, Sruthi Panniyan Kandiyil, Arunaksharan Narayanankutty, Soumya Valappan Veetil, Thekkekara Devassy Babu, Rao M. Uppu, Achuthan C. Raghavamenon
The human body is exposed to several chemicals which induce oxidative stress conditions. Sodium fluoride (NaF) is one of such environmental pollutants widely found in drinking water. It promotes oxidative stress and thereby interrupts tissue homeostasis in organs, including the kidney and liver. Recent studies have demonstrated that fluoride intoxication for an extended period may cause oxidative injury, widely known as ‘fluorosis.’ Fluorine present in drinking water is totally in ionic form, and hence it is rapidly and passively absorbed through the intestinal mucosa and interferes with major metabolic pathways. Adults' average daily fluorine intake from food and water is reported to be 1 mg if they are in a community with a low amount (<0.7 ppm) of fluoride in the water and about 2.7 mg; if the water is fluoridated (Guo et al. 2017). Reports from various laboratories have established a close correlation between oxidative stress in animals and fluoride intoxication (Bhatnagar et al. 2002, Mesram et al. 2017). Studies have also shown that fluoride induces excessive oxygen free radicals, depleting antioxidants and overwhelming the antioxidant defense (Hassan and Yousef 2009). Hence, fluoride-induced oxidative stress is used as a model system in preclinical studies to analyze the antioxidant properties of compounds.