Streptococcus agalactiae

Medicines in neonates

Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021

Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara

An antibiotic combination is always needed and should consist of antibiotics with a time-dependent (beta-lactam) and a concentration-dependent bactericidal activity (aminoglycoside). In the absence of antibiotics given to the mother and/or the lack of serious clinical conditions, such as meningitis or septic shock, penicillin-G or ampicillin remain the β-lactams of choice. The former is preferred if infection caused by Streptococcus agalactiae is suspected. Systematic use of third-generation cephalosporins with or without another P-lactam, in combination or not with an aminoglycoside, has to be avoided, as these agents are strong inducers of P-lactamases, notably AmpC produced by most species of Enterobacteria-ceae which can move from chromosome to plasmid. In addition, third-generation cephalosporins favour the emergence of gram negative bacteria producing plasmid mediated extended spectrum 13-lactamases (ESBL) [25]. These antibiotics should be therefore reserved, either in a bi-or tri-therapeutic approach, in clinical situations highly suggestive of meningitis or septic shock. When an EBSL strain is suspected antenatally, the new carbapenems should be the treatment of choice. Although these agents are equally strong inducers of P-lactamases, they are less sensitive to enzymatic hydrolysis and remain able to kill the bacteria.

Infections of the Genital Systems

Published in Keith Struthers, Clinical Microbiology, 2017

Keith Struthers

The newborn child is at risk of infection arising from acquisition of organisms from the normal vaginal flora, importantly Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli. These bacteria can colonize the upper airways of the newborn, with the potential to invade and cause neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Listeria monocytogenes can cross from the bowel of the expectant mother, usually in the third trimester, and can cause maternal sepsis, chorioamnionitis and miscarriage. Reaching the fetus from the maternal blood or during birth, it can also cause neonatal sepsis and meningitis.

Published in Ronald M. Atlas, James W. Snyder, Handbook Of Media for Clinical Microbiology, 2006

Ronald M. Atlas, James W. Snyder

Use: For the cultivation of a wide variety of fastidious microorganisms. For the observation of hemolytic reactions of a variety of bacteria. May be used to perform the CAMP test for the presumptive identification of group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae).

Identification and characterization of bacteria isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis in Jordan

Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022

Nid’a Alshraiedeh, Farah Atawneh, Rasha Bani-Salameh, Rawan Alsharedeh, Yara Al Tall, Mohammad Alsaggar

Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and commercial antibiotic discs (Oxoid, Wade Road, Basingstoke, Hants, RG248PW, United Kingdom) according to the CLSI 2018 recommendations [8]. Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for their susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin (5 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), penicillin (10 units), clindamycin (2 µg), erythromycin (15 µg), oxacillin (1 µg), rifampin (5 µg), doxycycline (30 µg) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.25/23.75 μg). Streptococcus agalactiae isolate was tested against cefepime (30 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), meropenem (10 µg), levofloxacin (5 µg), clindamycin (2 µg), erythromycin (15 µg), azithromycin (15 µg), ampicillin (10 µg), ofloxacin (5 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), rifampin (5 µg) and vancomycin (30 µg).

Intra-abdominal Streptococcus agalactiae infection associated with myelofibrosis treated with ruxolitinib: a case report of an atypical clinical presentation

Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2022

Jia Chen, Lijuan Pan, Shiqiang Qu, Tiejun Qin, Zhijian Xiao, Zefeng Xu

Post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis (post-ET MF) is a Philadelphia chromosome-negative MF characterized by driver mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPL. Targeted therapies comprising JAK inhibitors, such as ruxolitinib, benefit patients exhibiting spleen size reduction and symptomatic improvement1. Several opportunistic infections have also been documented in MF patients receiving ruxolitinib (during the first 6 months), including urinary tract infections2. However, Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) infections are rarely reported. GBS is the dominant pathogenic cause of sepsis in newborns and genitourinary infections in pregnant women3,4, although there has been a recent increase in GBS infections in non-pregnant adults. Complications arising from GBS infections have also been reported in patients with hematological malignancies5,6. The rate of in-hospital mortality associated with GBS infections in adult patients with hematological malignancies is approximately 11%6.

Intrauterine bacterial growth in elective and non-elective caesarean sections

Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021

Ido Solt, Maya Frank Wolf, Rosa Michlin, Yaniv Farajun, Ella Ophir, Jacob Bornstein

Intravenous antibiotics were administered preoperatively to 25.4% (138/544) of women undergoing non-elective CS. The main indications for preoperative antibiotic treatment was early-onset Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) prophylaxis according to maternal risk factors. The positive culture rate was significantly higher in women who did not receive intravenous antibiotics than in those who did (Figure 3). Of the 293 women who did not receive preoperative antibiotics, S. epidermidis was detected in 56% (163/291), and Streptococcus viridans in 25.8% (75/291). In contrast, of the 11 women who received intravenous antibiotics, S. viridans was detected in six, Escherichia coli in three and Enteroccocus and S. agalactiae in one each. S. epidermidis was not detected in any of these women.