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DRCOG MCQs for Circuit B Questions
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Causes of prolonged labour include:Cephalopelvic disproportion.Android pelvis.Brow presentation.Persistent occipitoposterior position.Uterine inertia.
Pregnancy in Spinal Cord Injury
Published in Jacques Corcos, Gilles Karsenty, Thomas Kessler, David Ginsberg, Essentials of the Adult Neurogenic Bladder, 2020
The following percentages of types of deliveries have been reported: spontaneous vaginal delivery between 37% and 77%, assisted vaginal 14%–31%, and cesarean from 23% up to 68%. In the series published respectively by Robertson et al and by Charlifue et al., 63% and 53% of the women had vaginal deliveries without forceps, 14 and 22% vaginal deliveries with forceps assistance, and 23 and 25% cesarean deliveries.8,11,17,27,42 Reasons for cesarean delivery were physician choice, transverse lying twins, AD during delivery, placenta previa, prolonged labor, breech or transverse presentation, lack of progress, onset of labor 1 day postspinal fusion, a mother's request for tubal ligation, to prevent syringomyelia deterioration or emergency for obstetric indications. Crane showed a relative risk for cesarean section of 1.88.16
Orthopaedics and Fractures
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
Damage to the brachial plexus during delivery of a child can occur in several high risk situations: A large-for-dates baby and/or born to a diabetic mother.Abnormal intrauterine positions such as a transverse lie or a breech presentation.A prolonged labour and/or a forceps delivery.
Treatment considerations in myasthenia gravis for the pregnant patient
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2023
Norwegian registry-based data up till the year 2001 showed that 17% (MG) versus 8.6% (non-MG) had Cesarean section [26]. Unpublished data for the years 1999–2018 showed that these figures had increased to 20% and 15%, respectively. Emergency Cesarean sections constituted 46% for MG and 62% for non-MG of the totals. Frequency of emergency Cesarean section and of instrumentally assisted vaginal births (vacuum or forceps) did not differ in MG and non-MG women. Cesarean section in MG should be performed for obstetric indications [25,57]. These include prolonged labor and an exhausted mother. MG mothers may reach exhaustion before those without MG. In severe or moderate generalized MG, IvIg treatment or plasma exchange is sometimes undertaken toward the end of the pregnancy to improve muscle strength before giving birth and in the puerperium.
Effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing duration of labour: a systematic review
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Ashraf Ghiasi, Leila Bagheri, Fatemeh Sharaflari
Prolonged labour is associated with increased risk of infection, hypoxia and perinatal death, postpartum haemorrhage or infection (Talebi et al. 2020). A broad range of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are typically used for labour induction and augmentation (Hall et al. 2012). A variety of methods which include stripping of the membranes, artificial rupture of membranes and pharmacologic agents, such as (prostaglandins and oxytocin) are used for induction of labour (Levine et al. 2016). However, these methods are usually associated with side effects. Therefore, in recent years, the use of non-pharmacological methods of delivery management, such as touch, aromatherapy, acupuncture, acupressure, reflexology and exercise to reduce the length of labour have become particularly popular.
Comparative evaluation of normal saline, 1/3-2/3, and ringer's lactate infusion on labour outcome, PH, bilirubin, and glucose level of the umbilical cord blood in nulliparous women with labour induction: a randomised clinical trial
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Ladan Haghighi, Fatemeh Jahanshahi, Mojgan Mokhtari, Zahra Rampisheh, Mina Momeni
Childbirth is one of the prominent health indicators in any country, with profound psychological, social and emotional consequences for the mother and her family (Marshall and Raynor 2014). Childbirth consists of four stages. The first stage of labour can also be divided into two phases of latent and active. The first stage begins with the onset of uterine contractions, which are sufficient in number, intensity, and duration and ends with the completion of cervical dilatation (10 cm). Upon completion of the cervical dilatation, the foetus is delivered as the next stage. The third stage begins immediately after foetal delivery and ends with placental expulsion. Finally, the fourth stage of labour refers to the first two hours after placental expulsion. In the process of childbirth, the four factors of uterine contractile force, pelvic position, foetal situation, and mental condition of the mother are actively participating. Several factors, including maternal anxiety, fatigue, therapeutic interventions, obesity, abnormal foetal presentation, and epidural analgesia, cause prolongation of labour (Hutchison et al. 2020). Prolonged labour is the most common reason for a planned shift to caesarean section and the cause of 8% of maternal mortality in developing countries (Kubli et al. 2002). Therefore, detecting abnormal labour progress and controlling the potential complications can effectively prevent neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity. To this end, proper methods and approaches with the least side effects are required to avoid prolonged labour (Tranmer et al. 2005).