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Nutritional and Dietary Supplementation during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
A balanced “nonfad” diet should provide pregnant women with an adequate complement of nutrients during pregnancy. Prenatal vitamin supplements are usually given, but there is no clear consensus that they are needed. Under the Hippocratic dictum of “do no harm,” prenatal vitamin supplements are not harmful in recommended daily allowance (RDA) doses. Vitamin supplements for pregnant women should, along with dietary intake, approximate the RDA set by the FDA (Table 12.1). Iron is the only nutrient for which supplementation during pregnancy is invariably required because of ~40 percent blood volume expansion by term.
Viral Infections
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Management: Erythema infectiosum is generally self-resolving, and there is no specific anti-viral therapy for Parvovirus B19. Therapy is supportive. If patients are experiencing arthralgias, then nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used. Patients with aplastic crises may need red blood cell transfusions depending on anemia severity. For pregnant women, fetal ultrasonography and monitoring are recommended.
Preterm Prelabor Rupture Of Membranes
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Anna Locatelli, Sara Consonni, Annalisa Inversetti
In equivocal cases, additional tests could be used. Statistical measures (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value) of the main prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) diagnostic tests are reported in Table 20.1 [1–4]. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) published 2020 guidelines [5] reminding health care providers that these tests should not be used without other clinical assessments because of concerns about “misuse, overreliance, and inaccurate interpretation” of lab test results used to detect rupture of membranes. These can lead to serious adverse events, including fetal death, infection, and other health complications in pregnant women.
Evaluation of pregnancy outcomes in mothers with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Masoumeh Simbar, Sima Nazarpour, Ali Sheidaei
The current systematic review showed that the most common signs and symptoms of pregnant women were fever, dry cough and fatigue. However, other less common symptoms, including headache, myalgia, nasal congestion, sore throat, dyspnoea, chills, body aches, conjunctivitis, skin rash, diarrhoea, loss of taste or smell, and discolouration of fingers or toes, have been reported (Hassanipour et al.2020, Khan et al.2020, Berghella and Hughes 2021, Saadaoui et al.2021). In pregnant women, as in other adults, fever was a common clinical manifestation at the onset of COVID-19. Evidence has shown that intrapartum fever may lead to adverse neonatal outcomes (Dior et al.2016). Jafari et al. (2021) based on a meta-analysis reported that pregnant women with COVID-19 had similar clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics to non-pregnant adult patients in the general population (Jafari et al.2021). A systematic review and meta-analysis found that being symptomatically varied across ethnicities, with black and Asian pregnant women more likely to be symptomatic, while white pregnant women were more likely to be asymptomatic (Khan et al.2021).
Determination of distress, emotional eating and internalized weight bias levels of Turkish pregnant women
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Gülay Çelik, Emine Yılmaz, Feyza Nazik, Hacer Unver
In this study, 47.9% of pregnant women were found to be overweight or obese according to their pre-pregnancy body mass index averages. BMI before conception according to Turkey Nutrition Guide (2016) is below 18.5 kg/m2 pregnant women with low birth weights, 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 normal, 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 pregnant women who are pregnant are overweight, and expectant mothers with 30.0 kg/m2 or more are obese. In a study in the U.S., more than half of all women of childbearing age were reported to be obese, while 8% were reported to be extremely obese (Vahratian 2009). In the UK, however, one out of every 20 pregnant women was found to be obese (Charnley et al.2021). The prevalence of obesity in pregnant women in Turkey was reported in the range of 27.2% to 33% (Irge et al.2005 no date; Kaya et al.2012, Kaya et al.2012, Koçak et al.2021). Atalay and Derin (2020) reported 49.2% of pregnancy women obese and slightly obese. Being pregnant as overweight or obese increased risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth (Despite all efforts to reduce obesity and minimise its risk factors, obesity can lead to unwanted complications for the mother and baby during the prenatal period, pregnancy, and postpartum period) (Kimmel et al.2016, Charnley et al.2021). Pregnant women with obesity have a risk of gestational diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, emergency caesarean section, foetal growth abnormalities, intrauterine development retardation, and intrauterine mortality compared to non-obese pregnant women (Hildingsson and Thomas 2012).
Simulation for breastfeeding support during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A quasi-experimental study
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Kübra Pınar Gürkan, İlknur Bektaş, Mehtap Yücedağ, Özgür Yılmaz
Researchers determined that the status of continuing breastfeeding by pregnant women in the experimental group after the education and their status for exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months was higher than those of the control group in this study. Similar to our findings, many researchers revealed that the status of continuing to breastfeed for the first 6 months and exclusive breastfeeding was higher in the groups that received breastfeeding counseling. (Feinstein et al., 2021; Lewkowitz & Cahill, 2021; Oggero et al., 2022). The relative lack of social support among mothers during the pandemic and their unwillingness to go to the hospital due to the risk of infection has caused educational shortcomings (Merewood et al., 2021; Siwik et al., 2022). This result is an important finding that shows breastfeeding counseling should continue under all circumstances.