China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cervical Cancer Screening And Management In Pregnancy
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Vaidehi Mujumdar, Scott D. Richard
According to the 2017 Cytopathology Checklist, the median reporting rate of atypical squamous cells– undetermined significance (ASC-US) among laboratories in the United States was 5.0% [4]. The incidence of biopsy-confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 was 1.6%, CIN 2 4.4%, and CIN 3+ 2.2% [4, 5]. In the United States, the incidence of cervical cancer cases has dropped to 7.4 per 100,000, while deaths from invasive cervical cancer have dropped to 2.8 per 100,000 women [6, 7]. The peak age of incidence of cervical cancer is in the mid-40s [6]. In low- and middle-income countries, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among people with a cervix, the third most common cause of cancer-related death, and the most common cause of mortality from gynecologic malignancy. In contrast, in high-income countries, the success of Pap smear screening has greatly reduced the incidence of disease by accurately detecting preinvasive and early-invasive cervical disease. In the United States, the incidence of cervical cancer ranges from 1.5 to 12 cases in 100,000 pregnancies [8]. About 1% of people who have cervical cancer are pregnant at the time of diagnosis. The likelihood that a pregnant person with ASC pathology has a detectable high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) is 84% [9].
Screening and Diagnostic Tests
Published in Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie, Principles of Biostatistics, 2022
Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie
We previously examined the Pap smear as a screening test for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The same study which evaluated the performance of the Pap smear also assessed the properties of the hpv test – which screens for the DNA of oncogenic human papillomaviruses – to identify the presence of cervical cancer [143]. Let D+ be the event that a female has cervical cancer, D- the event that she does not, and T+ a positive hpv test. The study found that the sensitivity of the hpv test is 94.6%; therefore,
DRCOG MCQs for Circuit A Questions
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Cervical smear may suggest the diagnosis of: Adenomyosis.Bacterial vaginosis.Trichomonas vaginalis.Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Invasive carcinoma of the cervix.
An insight into clinical and laboratory detections for screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2023
Shruthi Padavu, Pooja Aichpure, Ballamoole Krishna Kumar, Anoop Kumar, RadhaKanta Ratho, Shipra Sonkusare, Indrani Karunasagar, Iddya Karunasagar, Praveen Rai
Human papillomavirus (HPV), a member of the Papillomaviridae family, is a non-enveloped, small (~55-60 nm), circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus having a genome of nearly 8000 bp. Over 200 HPV genotypes have been identified, with high- and low-risk classifications based on biological characteristics and carcinogenic potential. These viruses have been associated with several cancers of the anogenital tract, including anal, vulvar, vaginal, and cervical cancers in women and penile and anal cancers in men [1]. Unprotected sexual activity is the main mode of HPV transmission. It also spreads through close skin-to-skin or skin-to-mucosa contact [2]. In 2009, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified mucosal HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68 as having oncogenic potential for humans, hereafter referred to as high-risk (HR) HPV types [3]. HR-HPV genotypes are crucial in chronic cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer progression. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the diagnostic category for cervical tissue abnormalities linked with a higher risk of developing invasive cancer. There are three levels of abnormality: low-grade or mild dysplasia, classified as CIN 1; high-grade or moderate dysplasia, as CIN 2; and high-grade or severe dysplasia leading to cancer, classified as CIN 3 [4].
Clearance of HR-HPV within one year after focused ultrasound or loop electrosurgical excision procedure in patients with HSIL under 30
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Yi Qin, Qing Li, Xunyu Ke, Yan Zhang, Xiaoling Shen, Wenping Wang, Qiuling Shi, Chengzhi Li
Cervical cancer ranks second among malignant tumors as a lethal disease among women and poses a great threat to women’s health and life, with the morbidity increasing in younger populations [1]. A large number of studies have confirmed that persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is closely related to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2–3 (CIN 2–3) and that HR-HPV is an important factor for the progression of CIN 2–3 to invasive cervical cancer [2]. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection in life with the peak incidence observed among sexually active women [3]. The major peak of HPV infection occurs in women aged 26–30 years [4], who are more likely to be infected with the high carcinogenic types [5].
Comparison of conventional and liquid-based Pap smear methods in the diagnosis of precancerous cervical lesions
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Zahra Honarvar, Zahra Zarisfi, Saideh Salari Sedigh, Maryam Masoumi Shahrbabak
In CNs, the specimens were spread on slides. Liquid prep method was done manually for cytology in liquid medium and materials required for testing were provided by LGM from the USA on behalf of Iran Tasnim Gostar. The professional gynaecologist did all sampling for both methods. In the CN group, wooden spatula and liquid-based method endocervix brushing were used for sampling cervical smears. Smears from the CN method were spread on slides and after fixation sent to the laboratory. The brushes were put in vials containing 5 mL liquid, numbered and then sent to the laboratory. In abnormal Pap smears, the cervical biopsy was collected undergoing colonoscopy, the results (in both conventional and liquid-based Pap smears) were divided into cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1–3, adenocarcinoma insitu and cervical cancer groups by pathology. Also, in both the conventional- and liquid-based Pap smears, the concordance between the Pap smear results and the pathology (cervical biopsies performed in abnormal Pap smears) was compared. The Bethesda 2001 system was used for reporting slides.