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Fetal and birth trauma
Published in Prem Puri, Newborn Surgery, 2017
Birth injury is usually associated with unusual compressive or traction forces in association with abnormal presentation of the fetus. Factors that predispose to birth injury include primiparity, cephalopelvic disproportion, dystocia, prematurity, prolonged labor, macrosomia, abnormal presentation, forceps application, version, and extraction.14,16,17 The newborn at greatest risk for birth injury is the one in breech presentation.
Birth Injuries, Neonatal
Published in Tony Hollingworth, Differential Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynaecology: An A-Z, 2015
Birth injury is defined as an impairment of the newborn body function or structure due to an adverse event that occurred at birth. The injury could be caused by trauma during the birth process or by perinatal conditions that lead to fetal hypoxia, or both. Birth injuries may be avoidable by obstetric intervention, or may be completely unavoidable.
Maternal plasma levels of vitamin D in postterm pregnancy
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Kadriye Erdoğan, Nazlı Tunca Sanlier, Bülent Çelik, Burak Arslan, Gülşah Diktaş, Özge Yücel Çelik, Caner Köse, Yaprak Engin-Üstün
Perinatal mortality rate (such as stillbirth, asphyxia, meconium aspiration) and birth complications (postpartum haemorrhage, neonatal birth injury) are more common in postterm pregnancies (Hermus et al. 2009). For improving perinatal and maternal outcome, the World Health Organisation (2011) recommended induction of labour in pregnant women who are certain to reach 41 weeks. For this reason, in most clinics, term pregnancy is accepted as 37–41 weeks of gestation according to the last menstrual period and first trimester ultrasonography, and post- term pregnancy is considered as 41 weeks and above. According to American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologist (2014), based on available epidemiological evidence, induction of labour should be considered in pregnancies of 41 weeks and above. Although the aetiology of post term pregnancy is not clearly known, factors such as foetal anencephaly, foetal sex, placental sulfatase deficiency, genetic factors, and high pre-pregnancy body mass index play a role (Divon et al. 2002; Laursen et al. 2004).
The effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy combined with intensive bimanual training in children with brachial plexus birth injury: a retrospective data base study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
Ingar M. Zielinski, Renske van Delft, Jeanine M. Voorman, Alexander C. H. Geurts, Bert Steenbergen, Pauline B. M. Aarts
To conclude, the results of the current study indicate improved bimanual performance and spontaneous affected upper limb use in children with Brachial Plexus Birth Injury following a combined program of modified constraint-induced-movement-therapy with bimanual training. This improvement was comparable to the improvement of a group of children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy, where this treatment has been proven to be effective over usual care. This suggests that a combined program of modified constraint-induced-movement-therapy with bimanual training is an effective treatment method to enhance upper limb performance in children with Brachial Plexus Birth Injury. Furthermore, in children with Brachial Plexus Birth Injury, spontaneous affected upper limb use seems to be more stable compared to the group of children with unilateral cerebral palsy. This might indicate that children with Brachial Plexus Birth Injury have effectively overcome their symptoms of developmental disregard. Further research is needed to verify that a combined program of modified constraint-induced-movement-therapy with bimanual training is more effective than usual care, to find out whether positive therapy effects are due to overcoming developmental disregard, and to focus on the specific dosage of modified constraint-induced-movement-therapy and bimanual training.
Comparison of maternal and perinatal morbidity between elective and emergency caesarean section in singleton-term breech presentation
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020
Sanitra Anuwutnavin, Benjamas Kitnithee, Pharuhas Chanprapaph, Suanya Heamar, Pimnara Rongdech
Most previous studies in term singleton newborns presented in breech compared pregnancy outcomes among vaginal breech delivery, ElCS, and EmCS (Roman et al. 1998; Krebs and Langhoff-Roos 2003; Rietberg et al. 2003; Su et al. 2007; Lyons et al. 2015; Parissenti et al. 2017). When compared with ElCS, vaginal delivery was found to be associated with higher risks of neonatal mortality and birth injury; whereas, EmCS was related with increased risks of neonatal convulsions and maternal morbidity (Roman et al. 1998). Several studies included women who failed to achieve a vaginal breech delivery in their EmCS group (Roman et al. 1998; Rietberg et al. 2003; Lyons et al. 2015; Parissenti et al. 2017). The fact that these failed vaginal breech delivery patients were included in the EmCS group could skew or otherwise adversely affect the outcomes of EmCS.