China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
DRCOG MCQs for Circuit A Questions
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Apgar score: Taken at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.Assesses heart rate, respiratory rate, colour, muscle tone and reflex/irritability.Named after Dr Virginia Apgar.Neonate assessed at 1 minute with a heart rate of 90 bpm, a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, that grimaces and moves all limbs freely with blue extremities has an Apgar score = 6.Neonate with a heart rate of 90 bpm and no respirations should have face mask resuscitation.
Practice exam 5: Answers
Published in Euan Kevelighan, Jeremy Gasson, Makiya Ashraf, Get Through MRCOG Part 2: Short Answer Questions, 2020
Euan Kevelighan, Jeremy Gasson, Makiya Ashraf
The Apgar score is a system used to assess the condition of the baby at birth (1). It uses five signs scored 0–2. The signs are heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability and colour (1). The heart rate scores 0 if absent, I if below 100 beats per min (bpm) and 2 if above 100 bpm (1). The respiratory rate scores 0 if absent, I if slow and irregular and 2 if regular with crying (1). The muscle tone is 0 if the baby is limp, scores I if there is some flexion of the extremities and 2 if the baby is active (1). Reflex irritability scores 0 if there is no response, I if there is a grimace and 2 if there is vigorous crying or a cough (1). Colour scores 0 if the baby is pale, I if the body is pink with blue extremities and 2 if the baby is completely pink (1). The score is performed at one minute of age and repeated at five minutes, which allows an assessment of improvement in the baby (1).
Neonatology
Published in Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson, Concise Paediatrics, 2020
Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson
A minority of infants do not establish respiration rapidly after birth (they are ‘flat’), and they need immediate assessment and intervention. Apgar scores are performed on all babies directly after birth (at 1, 5 and 10 min after birth, and longer if necessary) in order to assess their condition. These are a poorly predictive indicator of later adverse outcome. Five parameters are assessed, each scoring 0–2, and the total (out of 10) give the Apgar at that time.
Multimodal Imaging of a Severe Case of Neonatal Acute Retinal Necrosis and Lens Vacuoles Associated with Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Takamasa Kinoshita, Akira Hatanaka, Junya Mori, Kei Akaiwa, Hiroko Imaizumi
A 29-week, 1321-g male neonate was born by cesarean section at Sapporo City General Hospital, following the preterm premature rupture of membranes, which occurred 65 hours before delivery. His mother had not been examined or received prenatal care by any obstetrician during pregnancy. Apgar scores were 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, respectively. Respiratory distress syndrome was noted and treated with intubation and a supply of surfactant and oxygen, followed by management with continuous positive airway pressure. He had a patent ductus arteriosus, which was treated without surgical intervention. Cranial ultrasonography showed no sign of subependymal or intraventricular hemorrhage, or periventricular echodensities. Blood tests showed no abnormalities. C-reactive protein was less than 0.05 mg/dl at birth, increased to 4.55 mg/dl on day 1, and returned to the normal range on day 7. On day 4, skin rashes all over the body were noted, but they spontaneously disappeared the next day. From day 12 onwards, apneic spells were increasingly noted; these disappeared after 1 week of management with continuous positive airway pressure.
A possible association between early life factors and burden of functional bowel symptoms in adulthood
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 2021
Johanna Wennerberg, Shantanu Sharma, Peter M. Nilsson, Bodil Ohlsson
Educational level was stratified into completed elementary school maximum 9 years, upper secondary school, and university degree. Smoking habits were divided into current smokers and non-smokers/ex-smokers. The alcohol intake was calculated into grams of alcohol/week. Occupation was stratified into employed at the study time point or student, unemployed or others. Marital status was divided into living alone, married, and cohabiting or other. Mental stress level was divided into two categories, yes or no, where ‘yes’ indicated self-perceived constant stress during the past 12 months. The amount of physical activity in the leisure time during the past 12 months were categorized into sedentary (mostly stationary activities, less than 2 h of physical activity per week), moderate (at least 2 h of physical activity per week, usually without breaking a sweat, for example walking), regularly but moderate (exercising enough to break a sweat, e.g. running, for at least 30 min 1–2 times a week) and exercising regularly (on average physical activities for at least 30 min, such as running, minimum three times a weeks). The early life exposures were divided by the commonly used categorization. Birth weight was split into two categories: ≥2500 g (normal birth weight) and <2500 g (LBW) [9,11]. Gestational age was divided into ≥37 weeks (term) and <37 weeks (preterm) [8]. Apgar score (range 0–10) was split into ≥7 and <7 [17]. SGA was classified as birth weight in relation to gestational age in the 10th percentile of the population [14].
State transition modeling of complex monitored health data
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2020
Jörn Schulz, Jan Terje Kvaløy, Kjersti Engan, Trygve Eftestøl, Samwel Jatosh, Hussein Kidanto, Hege Ersdal
The data set was earlier studied by Linde et al. [22] and Vu et al. [18]. In Linde et al., the association between HR and a set of covariates including expired volume (ml/kg) was analyzed by a general additive model (GAM). In their analysis, the data were aggregated in the first five ventilation and pause sequences of the observed data. A GAM is well suited to study associations between covariates and an outcome variable and to include non-linear effects but is less suited for finding covariates associated with state transitions, i.e. with a higher or lower health status. In Vu et al. [18], an exploratory tool is suggested to study independently the average of several ventilation parameters for two groups defined by the change in Apgar score. The Apgar score is a measure for clinical status of a newborn and is manually recored by the midwifes after 1 and 5 min. Both studies give valuable insights for resuscitation of newborns but aggregate the data to a large extent and do not study time dependent covariate effects.