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Neuronal Networks in Convulsant Drug-Induced Seizures
Published in Carl L. Faingold, Gerhard H. Fromm, Drugs for Control of Epilepsy:, 2019
Thalamic nuclei are implicated as being important in the neuronal network subserving pilocarpine-induced limbic/forebrain seizures. Direct unilateral injections of bicuculline or picrotoxin into the amygdala produce recurrent seizures. Bilateral injections of GABA antagonists lead to status epilepticus, which are accompanied by histological damage in the thalamus, amygdala, olfactory cortex, SN, hippocampus, and neocortex.82 During seizures induced by a combination of lithium and pilocarpine labeling of 2-DG is increased in different brain regions, including the thalamus.83 Bilateral injections of small doses of AP7 and muscimol into the mediodorsal thalamus blocks pilocarpine-induced seizures.84 The same effect is observed with the injections of these agents in the lateral habenula.84 Systemic administration of paraoxon, an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor resulted in increased 2-DG labeling in ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus as well as external globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, and SNR.85
The Central Nervous System Organization of Behavior
Published in Rolland S. Parker, Concussive Brain Trauma, 2016
Sensory relay paths to the cortex and subcortical structures lie in the dorsal thalamus. The cortex sends topographically ordered projections to the respective thalamic relay centers. The thalamus then relays information between sensory, motor, and associative brain regions. Thalamic midline and intralaminar nuclei are a relay station for incoming impulses from the brainstem reticular formation, projecting to the ventral anterior nucleus and thence to the cortex (Ge & Grossman, 2008).
The Arbitrary Mapping of Sensory Inputs to Voluntary and Involuntary Movement: Learning-Dependent Activity in the Motor Cortex and Other Telencephalic Networks
Published in Alexa Riehle, Eilon Vaadia, Motor Cortex in Voluntary Movements, 2004
Peter J. Brasted, Steven P. Wise
The ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus (VA) receives input from a main output nucleus of the basal ganglia, the internal segment of the globus pallidus, and projects to PF and rostral PM. In an experiment reported by Canavan et al.,91 radiofrequency lesions were centered in VA. Monkeys in this experiment first learned a single, two- choice arbitrary sensorimotor mapping problem to a learning criterion of 90% correct. The experiment involved a lesion group and a control group. After the
Thalamocortical neural responses during hyperthermia: a resting-state functional MRI study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2018
Jing Zhang, Shaowen Qian, Qingjun Jiang, Guanzhong Gong, Kai Liu, Bo Li, Yong Yin, Gang Sun
Considering prior findings of specific functions of orbital frontal cortex on thermal sensation, regulation and emotions during heat stress [6,9], the frontopolar/ACC was divided as a single cortical ROI from the prefrontal subdivision. We found weakened thalamic-frontopolar/ACC connectivity, specifically, between the ventral anterior nucleus and left pulvinar in the thalamus and the medial superior frontal gyrus and ACC. The orbitofrontal cortex and ACC associated with the behavioural thermal regulation have wide-spread connectivity with the ventral part of the thalamus. The orbital frontal cortex and ACC usually respond to discomfort sensation of thermal stimuli [6]. Given the evidence that the orbital frontal cortex and ACC contribute to some vegetative behaviours and widespread fibres with thalamus, the decreased functional connectivity may relate to an affective component of thermal sensation and regulation responses [31]. Passive hyperthermia caused negative affectivity for thermal sensation and comfort, which might drive the participant to trigger conscious decisions to preserve thermal balance or escape from the noxious thermal stimuli when it is possible (e.g. remove the body from the thermal lab suit or expect the experiment to end earlier).