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Eye and hand skills
Published in Jill Christmas, Rosaline Van de Weyer, Hands on Dyspraxia: Developmental Coordination Disorder, 2019
Jill Christmas, Rosaline Van de Weyer
The child may tend to ‘pen push’, which may be due to the retained presence of an asymmetrical tonic neck reflex. An involuntary extension movement of the arm may be elicited by the child turning their head to look at their writing hand. (This movement can be clearly seen in very young babies – see the section on asymmetrical tonic neck reflex in Chapter 7 for further information.)
The Neurological Examination
Published in Richard A. Jonas, Jane W. Newburger, Joseph J. Volpe, John W. Kirklin, Brain Injury and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, 2019
Tone in the limbs should be tested by passive movement of the limbs with the infant’s head held forward in the midline. This is done to eliminate the tonic neck reflex. Besides moving the infant’s limbs passively, the examiner should assess axial tone by grasping its hands and pulling the child from supine to sitting.
Motor development and postural control
Published in Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize, Developmental and Adapted Physical Education, 2019
Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize
The asymmetrical tonic neck reflex in a supine position is elicited by rotation or lateral flexion (tilt) of the head leading to increased extension of the limbs on the chin side with accompanying flexion of limbs on the head side (Figure 5.2). Persistence of the reflex will cause difficulty in rolling, because the extended arm impedes rolling. Furthermore, the reflex interferes with holding the head in the midline, resulting in visual perceptual problems commonly associated with tracking or fixating on objects. The reflex is also evident in skills such as catching and throwing, where one elbow is bent while the other extends because the head position is rotated or tilted to track a ball. In sports such as tennis or baseball, rotation of the head will interfere with crossing the midline and smooth integration of the movement.
Investigating the Effect of Leap Motion on Upper Extremity Rehabilitation in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2023
Mahla Daliri, Ali Moradi, Saeid Fatorehchy, Enayatollah Bakhshi, Ehsan Moradi, Sajad Sabbaghi
Inhibition of undesired movement patterns like Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR), Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), TLS, and TLP reflexes inhibition by weight bearing in particular positions of prone on elbow, quadroped, and prone on hand.Facilitation of higher-level reactions, such as the engagement of the upper extremities for balance and protective reactions while standing, kneeling, or quadroped.Hand active movements exercises, including hands coordination, moving objects between two hands, crossing body midline with each hand, unilateral and bilateral diagonal displacement patterns, grasping and releasing objects.
Spasticity management and resolution of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity in the acute care setting: a case series
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Arline Edmond, Ondrea McKay, Natasha Mehta, Laurie Dabaghian, Peter Yonclas
WHEN WE OBSERVED PSH: The patient remained on sedation for a prolonged course due to several complications related to his injury. At approximately day 30, he developed episodes of autonomic instability with tachypnea, tachycardia, irritability, and spasticity. On examination, he had right-sided flexor tone, MAS 3–4, left-sided extensor tone MAS 2–4, bilateral hamstring and plantar-flexor tone MAS 3–4, and asymmetrical tonic neck reflex.