China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Management of Common Illness
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
A detailed eyewitness account or a video of the episode is imperative for diagnosis. Typical features of tonic–clonic seizures include convulsive movement of the arms and legs, impaired consciousness or loss of consciousness, stiffness, incontinence of urine or faeces and duration longer than 1–2 minutes. A post-ictal phase with sleepiness or weakness is common after the episode. Be aware that neonatal seizures may be very subtle – newborns should always be admitted to a hospital and managed for suspected sepsis.
Neurology
Published in Kristen Davies, Shadaba Ahmed, Core Conditions for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2020
Protect patients having a tonic–clonic seizure from injury to the head or body by cushioning their head and removing any hazardous objects nearby. When the seizure stops, check their airway and place them into the recovery position.
Partial Seizures
Published in Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt, The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
When a comparison was made between the response in patients with generalized seizures and those with partial seizures, with or without secondary generalized attacks, the overall response was better in patients with generalized seizures. Turnbull et al. (20) compared the effects of PHT with VPA in patients who achieved a 2-year remission of seizures. Both drugs were found to be effective in the control of tonic-clonic seizures and less effective in the control of partial seizures. Mattson et al. (21) compared CBZ, PB, PHT, and PRM in patients with partial seizures and secondary generalized tonic-clonic attacks. Patients prescribed CBZ achieved significantly better control for partial seizures than patients prescribed PB or PRM. PHT was also effective in the control of partial seizures, although less effective than CBZ and more effective than PB or PRM.
Stiripentol for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome in patients 6 months and older and taking clobazam
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2023
Alejandra Vasquez, Elaine C Wirrell, Paul E Youssef
A longitudinal study evaluated a cohort of 40 adults with DS who had been treated with STP from childhood or adolescence [51]. The authors collected data from patients’ last visit prior to age 15 years to the last visit in adulthood. At the last visit in adulthood, all 40 patients (median age = 23 years, up to 40 years) continued STP, with a median exposure of 18 years (3–24 years) and a median dose of 25 mg/kg/d, which was significantly lower than in childhood (p = 0.0002). Concomitant medications included clobazam 100%, VPA 97.5%, topiramate 52.5%, zonisamide 12.5%, and levetiracetam 10%. At last follow-up in adulthood, most patients (92.5%) still had generalized tonic – clonic seizures, although none had recent status epilepticus. The frequency and duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizures continued to decrease (P = 0.02, P = 0.008) with age and 10 patients experienced seizure‐free periods≥1 years (up to 5 years). Importantly, patients treated with STP before age 15 years (33 patients, 82.5%) exhibited better seizure outcome in adulthood compared to those initiating STP after this age (7 patients, 17.5%).
Memory efficiency in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2022
Suljo Kunić, Omer Ć. Ibrahimagić, Zoran Vujković, Vlado Đajić, Dževdet Smajlović, Mitra Mirković – Hajdukov, Elvir Bećirović, Amela Kunić, Emir Tupković
Furthermore, a statistically significant negative correlation was found between the incidence of epileptic seizures and overall memory coefficient. Similar to the results of the Dodril’s study from (1986) which concludes that the high incidence of seizures significantly impairs neuropsychological functioning, especially in relation to generalized tonic-clonic and epileptic status, where was report the highest degree of mental deterioration. Namely, in these cases the possibility of hypoxia and other disorders, which diffusely interfere with brain function, increases [18]. Individual generalized tonic-clonic seizures cause reversible attention deficits. For instance, a single attack can cause a slowing of attention in a postictal period that persists for at least 24 hours. Therefore, it is clear that multiple attacks of the same type cause long-term intellectual deterioration [19].
Role of EEG in Predicting Outcome of Hepatic Encephalopathy Patients
Published in The Neurodiagnostic Journal, 2020
Roshan Koul, Rakhi Maiwall, Archana Ramalingam, Satyendra Kumar, Ravinder Mohan Dhamija, Viniyendra Pamecha, Shiv Kumar Sarin
Periodic discharges (PDs) were labeled according to the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society’s Standardized Critical Care EEG Technology criteria (Hirsch et al. 2013). Patients with both clinical seizures and electrographic seizures on EEG without clinical signs were included. Clinical seizures were identified in HE patients as focal eye jerks or frequent blinking with a corresponding EEG change. Occasionally a patient had a generalized tonic clonic seizure. Recorded EEG abnormalities were clinically correlated with these patients. Patients with non-convulsive seizures recorded electrographically on EEG were evaluated for the presence of clinical (manifest) seizures also. Additionally, other atypical EEG findings included PDs and alpha activity. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were performed on patients requiring further evaluation as indicated by clinical features, clinical examination, or EEG findings. A patient may have had both types of neuroimaging (MRI/CT) if the underlying brain condition required further evaluation. Patient outcomes in relation to the brain imaging (MRI/CT) and seizures were also documented.