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The Production of Biologically Active Peptides in Brain Tissues
Published in Gerard O’Cuinn, Metabolism of Brain Peptides, 2020
Somewhat similar alternative patterns of polyadenylation and splicing occur with the primary transcripts for two tachykinin peptides, substance P and neurokinin A, which are generated from one of two preprotachykinin genes in the mammalian central nervous system.30 The preprotachykinin A gene can produce three forms of mRNA through alternative splicing of its many exons:31 One form encodes substance P and the other two forms encode both substance P and neurokinin A. A second preprotachykinin (B) gene encodes the neurokinin B precursor.
Role of Substance P and Dopamine in the Mediation and Modulation of Respiratory Responses to Hypoxia
Published in I. Robin A. Barraco, Nucleus of the Solitary Tract, 2019
Yuji Yamamoto, Meera Srinivasan
It has been immunohistochemically demonstrated that endopeptidase 24.11 (EC3.4.24.11) is localized at medullary sites where it possibly could affect the process whereby subP generates the N-terminal portion of subP, namely subP (1-7), prior to its binding to postsynaptic receptors.54 It has been hypothesized that subP (1-7) is involved in mediating the baroreceptor afferent transmission in the NTS. However, in cats the subP-like immunoreactive material from the tissue surrounding the dialysis probe was found to co-elute with the authentic subP.39 It is of considerable interest to note that both authentic subP and N-terminally extended subP are released in the region of NTS during hypoxic provocations. Further investigations are needed to clarify the functional significance of these tachykinin peptides in cardiorespiratory regulation, namely authentic subP, subP(l-7), and the N-terminally extended subP.
Neuroendocrine control of lipid metabolism: lessons from C. elegans
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2020
A remarkable feature of the tachykinin neuroendocrine pathway is that all of the neuronal effects on global fat metabolism occur without appreciable changes in food intake (Hussey et al., 2017; Hussey et al., 2018; Noble et al., 2013; Palamiuc et al., 2017; Srinivasan et al., 2008; Witham et al., 2016), suggesting that the regulation of body fat is indeed distinct from food intake alone. The tachykinin neuropeptides, first defined by Substance P were originally identified more than 80 years ago (Guillemin, 2013), but have not previously been associated with lipid metabolism. The tachykinin peptides and receptors have been predominantly associated with inflammation in mammals (Steinhoff, von Mentzer, Geppetti, Pothoulakis, & Bunnett, 2014), which has mechanistic ties to metabolic dysfunction, however the role of tachykinins in mammalian metabolism remain unknown.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: potential mechanisms for the benefit of capsaicin and hot water hydrotherapy in treatment
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2018
John R. Richards, Jeff M. Lapoint, Guillermo Burillo-Putze
Other possible mechanisms include capsaicin-induced depletion of tachykinin peptides substance P and neurokinin A, after which sensory nerves become insensitive to heat and noxious chemical stimuli and lose their ability to release pro-inflammatory mediators [75]. Depletion of membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate results from capsaicin-associated TRPV1 activation of Phospholipase C [78,79]. Activation of TRPV1 from capsaicin results in receptor down-regulation from endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. Desensitization is also enhanced by increased calcium-dependent calmodulin and calcineurin activity [80–82]. Capsaicin causes degeneration of nociceptive fibers, leading to desensitization [83].
Neurokinin receptor antagonism: a patent review (2014-present)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2020
As tachykinin peptides and their receptors are involved in many physiological and pathophysiological actions, our aim is to review (from 2014 to present) the patents in which the use of NK receptor antagonists has been reported.