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Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Morales-Briceno Hugo, Victor S.C. Fung, Annu Aggarwal, Philip Thompson
Inherited (genetic) dystonia: Isolated dystonia syndromes.Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) syndromes.Combined dystonia syndromes.Paroxysmal dyskinesia syndromes.
Headache Disorders
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania is a rare syndrome marked by headaches of short duration, a high frequency of attacks, and associated autonomic symptoms. CPH pain location is normally orbital, temporal, and above or behind the ear and is one-sided. The pain is severe in intensity. Normal headache duration is between 2 and 30 minutes and frequency is greater than five attacks per day. Unlike cluster headache, there is no predilection for nocturnal attacks, although attacks can certainly awaken a patient from sleep. Associated symptoms are marked by autonomic phenomena. CPH attacks can sometimes be triggered by rotating the neck or flexing the head to the side of the headaches, or by applying external pressure to the transverse processes of C4–C5 or the C2 nerve root on the symptomatic side. This syndrome used to be termed female cluster headache but it is not cluster headache based on the frequency and duration of attacks, and a misdiagnosis can lead to continued disability as indomethacin is not suggested for CH but is for CPH. Hemicrania Continua
Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Natasha Shrikrishnapalasuriyar, P.N. Plowman, Márta Korbonits, Ashley B. Grossman
The clinical manifestations of pheochromocytomas usually result from catecholamine secretion, which may occur at rest or be precipitated by physical activity, emotion, certain drugs such as hydrocortisone, and tyramine-rich food. Hypertension, either paroxysmal or sustained (in 50% of patients) is the most common manifestation, found in about 90% of patients. Episodes of hypotension, either postural or alternating with hypertension, can also occur. Headache is common in about 80–90% of cases and truncal sweating can be seen in 60–70%. The triad of headache, sweating, and palpitations is suggestive of a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, the major differential diagnosis being anxiety or panic attacks.62
Endoscopic versus open microsurgery for colloid cysts of the third ventricle
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Dan Farahmand, Johannes Stridh, Doerthe Ziegelitz, Magnus Tisell
Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare benign lesions located close to the foramina of Monro. The prevalence of these cysts has been approximated to be 1 in 8500 persons1 with an estimated incidence of 0.9–3.2 per million people2,3. Although benign, they can cause acute obstructive hydrocephalus and sudden death by obstructing the foramina of Monro4,5. The mortality rate from cerebral herniation due to ventricular obstruction has been reported to be 5%1. However, more commonly, the patients develop symptoms of hydrocephalus such as headache, nausea, and vomiting4,6. Headache, often of paroxysmal nature, has been reported to be the most common symptom. This headache is caused by the colloid cyst acting as a ball valve that temporarily obstructs the CSF flow and raises the intracranial pressure (ICP). Some patients report that the headache is relieved in the lying down position, opposite to what is seen in ‘high pressure’ headache. Diagnosis is confirmed using radiologic imaging through computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)7. Lumbar puncture is not advised in the diagnosis7 and has even been suspected as a cause of sudden death in colloid cyst patients2.
Clinical analysis of hypereosinophilic syndrome first presenting with asthma-like symptoms
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Xuan Wei, Xiaofeng Li, Zuyou Wei, Hui Zhang, Jiehua Deng, Suke Xing, Jianquan Zhang
HES results in continuously elevated EOS infiltration into systemic tissues, causing inflammatory damage and associated complex clinical features. Involvement of the respiratory system is characterised by common symptoms as well as obvious AHR, such as paroxysmal cough or wheezing (asthma-like symptoms). There is little evidence on the association between asthma and HES [8]; therefore, it is easy to ignore the manifestations of extrapulmonary involvement and misdiagnose eosinophilic pneumonia or bronchial asthma due to prolonged wheezing symptoms. Patients with paroxysmal wheezing or cough who were diagnosed with numerous acute attacks of bronchial asthma were finally diagnosed with HES of different causes [9–12], suggesting that asthma-like symptoms may be a prominent manifestation in some HES patients. When there is mild or no involvement of the extrapulmonary organs, the clinical manifestations are minor, and hospitalisation temporarily partially relieves the symptoms, it is easy to erroneously diagnose such patients with bronchial asthma. This can worsen the disease and delay treatment which, in severe cases, can lead to multiple organ failure or even death [13]. Therefore, it is pertinent to summarise the clinical characteristics of HES initially presenting with asthma-like symptoms, and analyse the characteristics and treatment of idiopathic and parasitic HES, to improve clinician understanding of the disease.
Increased frequency of occurrence of bendopnea is associated with poor outcomes in heart failure outpatients
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2021
Hakkı Kaya, Anıl Şahin, Hakan Güneş, Lütfü Bekar, Ahmet Çelik, Yüksel Çavuşoğlu, Vedat Çaldır, Hasan Güngör, Mehmet Birhan Yılmaz
Shortness of breath is the most basic symptom in HF patients, and subtypes such as exercise dyspnoea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea have long been considered as HF symptoms [3]. A new symptom, called bendopnea, was introduced by Thibodeau et al., which was described as shortness of breath within the first 30 sec. after leaning forward [4]. Thibodeau et al. also associated bendopnea with increased filling pressures, and then their subsequent research associated bendopnea with poor outcomes in HF outpatients [5]. HF course is a dynamic process for pathophysiological reasons. Symptoms such as orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, and bendopnea, which are particularly related to increased filling pressures, may appear and disappear from time to time in HF patients due to the variable course of filling pressures [6–8]. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the frequency of occurrence of bendopnea and long-term prognosis in HF outpatients, for the first time in the literature.