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Postmortem Radiology and Digital Imaging
Published in Cristoforo Pomara, Vittorio Fineschi, Forensic and Clinical Forensic Autopsy, 2020
Giuseppe Bertozzi, Francesco Pio Cafarelli, Andrea Giovanni Musumeci, Giulio Zizzo, Giampaolo Grilli, Cristoforo Pomara
Traumatisms are mostly detected using PMCT: PMCT is also used to identify every type of foreign bodies, such as bullets (firearm fatalities) or surgical materials (surgical liability). As far as projectiles are concerned, PMCT can provide information about number, form, dimensions, localization, and trajectory.
The gastrointestinal system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Sharon J. White, Francis A. Carey
Tooth development begins at about 3 months of intrauterine life and extends over about 20 years until the completion of root formation of the third molars. During this period many developmental abnormalities can occur in the number, form, and colour of teeth, in the structure of individual tooth elements, and the times of eruption and shedding of teeth. These abnormalities result from various factors, both genetic and environmental. An example of iatrogenic disease is the permanent staining of the mineralized dental tissues caused by the administration of some tetracyclines during tooth development. Non-carious loss of tooth substance may result from erosion (e.g. in individuals with a highly acidic diet), abrasion, and attrition.
Epidemiology and classification of vitiligo
Published in Electra Nicolaidou, Clio Dessinioti, Andreas D. Katsambas, Hypopigmentation, 2019
Serena Gianfaldoni, Torello Lotti
Clinically, vitiligo is characterized by asymptomatic, milk-white macules and patches, with well-defined borders (Figure 4.1). Lesions may vary in number, form, and distribution, and may affect skin, mucous membranes, and hair. Characteristic is Koebner's phenomenon, consisting of the development of new lesions at sites of skin trauma.
The evolution of the concept of synesthesia in the nineteenth century as revealed through the history of its name
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2020
Jörg Jewanski, Julia Simner, Sean A. Day, Nicolas Rothen, Jamie Ward
In none of the articles reviewed by Myers does the term synesthesia appear, and yet Myers does not “make a song and dance” about introducing a new term. In contrast, Millet knew that he had coined a new term and had written this explicitly; but Myers used the term naturally, as if it was well known. Thus, there might be an earlier English source for synesthesia in our modern understanding, but it is not yet discovered. A number-form [i.e., what we know today as sequence-space synesthesia] is an association of an image with an idea,—presumably as entirely a result of post-natal experience as is my association of my friend’s face with his name. And so also, indeed audition colorée,—the perception of a definite “imaginary” or “subjective” colour in association with each definite actual sound,—may in some slighter cases be due to post-natal (mainly infantile) experience working upon an innate predisposition. But when the synæsthesiæ of which sound-seeing is only the most conspicuous example are found in fuller development;—when gradated, peremptory, inexplicable associations connect sensations of light and colour with sensations of temperature, smell, taste, muscular resistance, &c., &c.;—for M. Gruber finds that these links exist in yet unexplored variety;—then it becomes probable that we are dealing, not with the casual associations of childish experience, but with some reflection or irradiation of specialised sensations which must depend on the connate structure of the brain itself. (Myers 1892, 457)
The “golden age” of synesthesia inquiry in the late nineteenth century (1876–1895)
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2020
Jörg Jewanski, Julia Simner, Sean A. Day, Nicolas Rothen, Jamie Ward
Galton’s interest was also encouraged by the case of George Bidder, the son of a famous calculating prodigy and engineer of the same name (George Bidder senior, 1806–1878). In December 1878, the junior Bidder wrote an article in which he commented on both his and his recently deceased father’s visual imageries. Galton’s interest was piqued by the familial pattern, and he wrote to Bidder to ask for more details. In his reply, Bidder gave a description and diagram of his own number form in addition to an account of his general visual imagery abilities (letter dated April 14, 1879; held in Special Collection, University College London, Galton 152/6A). Bidder’s hand-drawn number form is reproduced in Figure 1, together with a previously unpublished document attached to the same letter showing a “calendar form” and “historical form”—both variants of sequence-space synesthesia encoding time units in particular (but known at the time under the same name of “number forms”).