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Ernesto
Published in Walter J. Hendelman, Peter Humphreys, Christopher R. Skinner, The Integrated Nervous System, 2017
Walter J. Hendelman, Peter Humphreys, Christopher R. Skinner
Severe damage to the auditory component of the right vestibular-cochlear nerve results in marked hearing impairment in the right ear. What kind of hearing deficit would result from damage to the right medial geniculate body in the thalamus? Explain the reason(s) for your answer.
Lateral geniculate body
Published in Fiona Rowe, Visual Fields via the Visual Pathway, 2016
The lateral geniculate body is a subnucleus of the thalamus. The lateral geniculate body (or nucleus) is located in the diencephalon lateral to the medial geniculate body and consists of a dorsal and ventral nucleus. The ventral nucleus is more primitive and has no visual function in man. The dorsal nucleus occupies the major portion of the lateral geniculate body and functions as the relay station for the primary afferent visual pathway. This consists of a hilum, medial and lateral horn.
ENTRIES A–Z
Published in Philip Winn, Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
From the cochlear nucleus information is transmitted via the TRAPEZOID BODY (a bundle of horizontal fibres that is part of the superior olivary complex) and via the DORSAL ACOUSTIC STRIA and INTERMEDIATE ACOUSTIC STRIA, to the superior olivary complex: the lateral portion of this (the LATERAL SUPERIOR OLIVE) is concerned with the localization of sound in space, while the medial portion (the MEDIAL SUPERIOR OLIVE) is concerned with sound localization. Neurons in the lateral and medial portions of the superior olivary complex, and fibres travelling from the cochlear nucleus that have not made contact with the superior olivary complex at all, then travel via the LATERAL LEMNISCUS to the INFERIOR COLLICULUS. (The lateral lemniscus is made up of fibres from the superior olivary complex and the cochlear nucleus travelling to the inferior colliculus, and it contains some cell bodies in the NUCLEI OF THE LATERAL LEMNISCUS, where some of the auditory fibres SYNAPSE.) The inferior colliculus receives input from the ipsi-and contralateral cochlea, the ispi- and contralateral superior olivary complex, and from both ipsi-and contralateral nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. It projects to the MEDIAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS (or medial geniculate body) in the THALAMUS, which then projects to the AUDITORY CORTEX.
Effect of locomotion on the auditory steady state response of head-fixed mice
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2021
Yingzhuo Li, Xuejiao Wang, Zijie Li, Jingyu Chen, Ling Qin
Therefore, we investigated this issue by recording LFPs evoked by 40-Hz click-train from multiple brain areas in awake, head-fixed mice atop a treadmill. In this study, we selected four brain areas for the ASSR recording: the AC, medial geniculate body (MGB), hippocampus (HP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The AC and MGB are important stations in the auditory pathway, which are responsible for encoding and transferring auditory information (Wang et al. 2008; Recanzone 2011; Liu et al. 2019). HP and PFC have been implicated in a variety of cognitive, memory and affective functions (de la Vega et al. 2016; Eichenbaum 2017; Negron-Oyarzo et al. 2018), and they have been implicated in the pathology of psychiatric disorders such as SZ (Bahner and Meyer-Lindenberg 2017; Hiser and Koenigs 2018). By quantifying the LFPs evoked by 40-Hz click-trains during spontaneous movement and stationary conditions, we found that the early response (0–100 ms from stimulus onset) of LFP was reduced by locomotion, whereas ASSR (100–500 ms) was less affected. Our results suggest that the ASSR might be a reliable biomarker to detect the pathological abnormality of neural circuit independent to the effect of locomotion.
Subcortical deafness as a subtype of auditory agnosia after injury of bilateral auditory radiations caused by two cerebrovascular accidents – normal auditory brainstem responses with I–VII waves and abolished consciousness of hearing –
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Ryohei Akiyoshi, Mitsuko Shindo, Kimitaka Kaga
Complete hearing loss following brain damage has been observed in autopsy examination since the late nineteenth century. Wernicke et al. were the first to report the case of a female patient with epilepsy who complained of deafness [1]. She died of leukemia a few years after she had bilateral cerebrovascular events. An autopsy revealed severe damage of the bilateral temporal lobes. Thereafter, several cases of complete hearing loss with damage in the bilateral temporal lobes have been reported, but lesions in some cases were found in bilateral auditory cortices [2,3], whereas lesions in other cases were found in bilateral subcortical areas including the medial geniculate body (MGB) [4–6]. In the latter half of the twentieth century, the number of case reports increased because new diagnostic imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were developed [7]. Patients with complete hearing loss after brain damage can now be diagnosed before autopsy as having cortical deafness. However, the exact sites of lesions causing cortical deafness are still not known.
A population-based case–control study of the association between cervical spondylosis and tinnitus
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
Yen-Fu Cheng, Sudha Xirasagar, Tzong-Hann Yang, Chuan-Song Wu, Nai-Wen Kuo, Herng-Ching Lin
Tinnitus is commonly linked to damage to the auditory apparatus, most often the cochlea and auditory nerve. Tinnitus can occur in patients with normal cochlear function with or without changes to hearing threshold (Bramhall et al. 2017, 2018; Eggermont 1990; Jastreboff 1990; Kujawa and Liberman 2009). Thus, it may have an origin other than the peripheral auditory system such as medial geniculate body (MGB) and inferior colliculus (IC) (Caspary and Llano 2017; Shore, Roberts, and Langguth 2016). A growing body of evidence suggests that the cochlear nucleus (CN) located in the brainstem portion of the central auditory pathway is involved at the earliest stage of hearing signal processing, and this may play an important role in tinnitus (Costa and Caria 2017; Koehler and Shore 2013; Lanting et al. 2010; Levine 1999; Marks et al. 2018; Ralli et al. 2017; Shore, Roberts, and Langguth 2016; Wu et al. 2016).