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Victims and survivors
Published in John C. Gunn, Pamela J. Taylor, Forensic Psychiatry, 2014
Pamela J Taylor, Sharif El-Leithy, John Gunn, Felicity Hawksley, Michael Howlett, Gillian Mezey, David Reiss, Jenny Shaw, Jonathan Shepherd, Nicola Swinson, Pamela J Taylor, Jayne Zito, Felicity de Zulueta
Another promising approach is ‘imagery rescripting’ therapy. This involves asking the patient to relive key abuse memories from their perspective as the abused child, then asking them to imagine entering the scene as they are now and, from this adult perspective, to confront the perpetrator and rescue and comfort the child (Smucker and Dancu, 2005). This approach appears to be helpful with feelings of shame and anger and increasing mastery of those abuse memories typically characterised by intense helplessness, and possibly better than standard verbal restructuring in changing underlying negative self-belief.
Closing thoughts
Published in Robert McAlpine, Anthony Hillin, Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Adolescents, 2020
Robert McAlpine, Anthony Hillin
We began writing this book in 2013 and for various reasons were delayed in finishing it. This is not the book that would have been published had we completed it earlier. In those intervening years, we learned so much more about IPT-A from clients, clinical work, and the supervision and training we do; from talking to other IPT and IPT-A practitioners; and from reading what others are doing in IPT-A. In completing this book, we are reminded almost daily of the many other instances when IPT-A can be used to help young people negotiate the stresses and strains that may accompany this phase of life. Two examples illustrate this.Complex PTSDThree directions emerging independently from current literature may point to the potential usefulness of IPT-A for assisting young people with complex PTSD:Markowitz and others (Bleiberg and Markowitz, 2005; Markowitz, 2016) have demonstrated the effectiveness of IPT for adults with PTSD.Current clinical work with adolescents with complex PTSD is suggesting the effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) to manage this condition (Arntz et al., 2013).ICD 11 (Bottche et al., 2018) identifies three symptom-clusters that comprise complex PTSD: disturbances of affect, disturbances of sense of self, and disturbances in relational functioning.
Current CBAT Practices
Published in Marcia L. Rosal, Cognitive-Behavioral Art Therapy, 2018
Imagery rescripting (IR) is a CBT technique that is used to mitigate intrusive or involuntary memories and mental imagery associated with traumatic events. According to Arntz (2011), IR has been successful when used with populations with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, PTSD, eating disorders, social phobia, and personality disorders. According to Arntz and Weertman (1999), “with a significant pictorial component . . . the major aim [of IR] is to increase the sense of empowerment” (p. 717). The purpose of IR is to activate troubling memories or mental images, allow the client opportunities to express emotional responses to the memory, provide an environment for altering the emotional intensity of the memory or image, and offer the prospect of changing the beliefs and schemas associated with the event (Arntz, Tiesema, & Kindt, 2007). Grunert, Smucker, Weis, and Rusch (2003) stated that IR is basically imagery modification in which the client is given the opportunity to gain power over traumatic events and eliminate intrusive images and memories, and it includes four types of imagery: (a) imaginal exposure (accessing and re-experiencing the entire fear memory along with associated affect, (b) imaginal rescripting (replacing victimization/ trauma with mastery/adaptive imagery), (c) self-soothing/self-nurturing imagery (e.g., SURVIVOR-nurturing-VICTIM imagery, ADULT-nurturing-CHILD imagery), and (d) emotional-linguistic processing (transforming the traumatic imagery and accompanying emotions into narrative language while challenging and modifying trauma-related beliefs).(p. 334)
The effectiveness of imagery work in schema therapy with couples: a clinical experiment comparing the effects of imagery rescripting and cognitive interventions in brief schema couples therapy
Published in Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 2020
Eckhard Roediger, Gerhard Zarbock, Eva Frank-Noyon, Julia Hinrichs, Arnoud Arntz
One of the central experiential techniques in schema therapy is imagery rescripting (ImRs), which is also applied as a stand-alone treatment for a range of disorders that have their roots in traumatic or other negative experiences (see Arntz, 2012, for a review, and Morina, Lancee, & Arntz, 2017, for a meta-analysis). In ImRs, the patient imagines the memory of a traumatic or negative event as if it is happening in the here and now, and then imagines a different course of events that meets their needs better. While the name suggests that the original memory is overwritten by the fantasized new script, research indicates that this is not the case. Rather, the meaning of the memory representation of the negative event changes into a more functional direction, while the memory of what happened remains intact (Arntz, 2012). Based on the theory that negative (traumatic) childhood experiences, for example with caregivers, play a role in the dysfunctional patterns that disturbed couples repeatedly end up in, ImRs is a potentially powerful technique to change those patterns. Atkinson (2012) introduced imagery into couple therapy. Roediger (Simeone-DiFrancesco, Roediger, & Stevens, 2015) developed a specific application of ImRs that is hypothesized to not only change the meaning of early experiences that underlie dysfunctional interpersonal patterns, but also to increase mutual understanding and empathy between the partners. In short, instead of the therapist or the patient directing the rescripting, the patient’s partner steps into the image and soothes the activated emotions, bringing the scene to a good end. Clinical observation suggests that this helps partners to see each other as caring instead of antagonistic, which helps to break dysfunctional patterns. However, these impressions have not been put to the test.
Update on nonpharmacological interventions in parasomnias
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2020
Maria Ntafouli, Andrea Galbiati, Mary Gazea, Claudio L.A. Bassetti, Panagiotis Bargiotas
Various psychological treatments for nightmare disorder or chronic nightmares in adults have been suggested, including the imaginal confrontation with nightmare contents (ICNC), relaxation, imagery rescripting and rehearsal (IRR), or awakening while having a nightmare. For chronic nightmares, Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT), Exposure Relaxation and Rescription Therapy (ERRT), Imagery Rescripting and Exposure Therapy (IRET), self-exposure, lucid dreaming treatment (LDT), and Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing therapy have been reported [45,46].