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Section 2
Published in Abhaya Gupta, Jeremy Playfer, Bim Bhowmick, Measurement Scales Used in Elderly Care, 2017
Abhaya Gupta, Jeremy Playfer, Bim Bhowmick
The Movement Disorders Society Task Force has prepared a critique for this scale.2 Its strengths include its wide utilisation and acceptance. Higher stages correlate with neuroimaging studies of dopaminergic loss. High correlations exist between the Hoehn and Yahr scale and some standard scales of motor impairment and disability.2 The weaknesses of the scale are that it is heavily weighted towards postural instability as the primary index of disease severity. Thus it does not consider impairment/disability due to other motor features of Parkinson's disease. There is no information on non-motor problems. Only the mid ranges (Stages 2 to 4) fulfil the criteria for reliability and validity. Direct clinimetric testing data are limited.2
The rs3129882/rs4248166 in HLA-DRA and rs34372695 in SYT11 are not associated with sporadic Parkinson’s disease in Central Chinese population
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Jie Li, Lubao Jian, Jinsha Huang, Nian Xiong, Tao Wang
A total of 486 PD patients (282 males and 204 females) and 457 controls (249 males and 208 females) from Central China were enrolled in this study (Table 1). The median age of patients and controls was 58.94 ± 10.13 (range: 32–87) and 57.99 ± 9.65 (range: 40–90) years old. Patients were examined and diagnosed with PD according to the United Kingdom PD Brain Bank criteria [26]. All patients were sporadic cases and negative for secondary and atypical parkinsonism, hereditary spastic paraplegia, spinocerebellar ataxias and hepatolenticular degeneration. Furthermore, patients were evaluated by the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr scale [27]. The patients were divided into two groups, early-onset PD (EOPD, age at onset ≤ 50 years) and late-onset PD (LOPD, age at onset > 50 years). 457 age and sex-matched controls were free of any personal or familial history of neurological disorders. The informed written consent has obtained from all subjects and the study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
Sensorimotor Impairment of Speech and Hand Movement Timing Processing in Parkinson’s Disease
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2019
Roozbeh Behroozmand, Karim Johari
MMSE represents patients scores on the cognitive screening test using mini mental state examination (scores out of 30) (Folstein et al., 1983). LED stands for levodopa equivalent dose and was obtained or each anti-PD medication in each patient (Tomlinson et al., 2010). Disease stage reflects values from the Hoehn and Yahr scale (Hoehn & Yahr, 1967). UPDRS scores represent three upper limb items from the motor section of the Unified Parkinson’s Rating Scale (Goetz et al., 2008). VHI reflects response to voice handicap index battery, with higher scores indicating more severe voice difficulties (Jacobson et al., 1997). FAB represents patient’s performance on Frontal Assessment Battery (scores out of 18) (Dubois, Slachevsky, Litvan, & Pillon, 2000).
Genetic variants of vitamin D metabolism-related DHCR7/NADSYN1 locus and CYP2R1 gene are associated with clinical features of Parkinson’s disease
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2020
Merve Alaylıoğlu, Erdinç Dursun, Gençer Genç, Büşra Şengül, Başar Bilgiç, Ayşegül Gündüz, Hülya Apaydın, Güneş Kızıltan, Hakan Gürvit, Haşmet Hanağası, Özgür Öztop Çakmak, Sibel Ertan, Selma Yılmazer, Duygu Gezen-Ak
The Hoehn and Yahr scale was used for the clinical staging of the patients. Freezing of gait (FoG) and falling were assessed by yes or no. According to the Hoehn and Yahr scale, the disease stage is rated as 1 through 5, based on the clinical disability levels. Stages 1 and 2 are referred to as mild disease, while stages 3, 4 and 5 correspond to severe disease, since the first signs of impaired righting reflexes are seen in stage 3. At stage 3, the PD average duration is approximately 7 years [36]. Thus, in our study, the disease stage was evaluated as <3 or ≥3, and the duration of the disease was evaluated as <7 years and ≥7 years.