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Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
♦ 1. Does the gyrus fomicatus consist of only the cingulate gyrus (including its isthmus) and the parahippocampal gyrus (including the uncus), or does it also include the subcallosal gyrus?the hippocampus proper?
Imaging Cognition in the Aging Human Brain
Published in David R. Riddle, Brain Aging, 2007
The second component, in contrast to the changes observed during normal aging, involves pathological age-related changes centered in the medial temporal lobes (MTL) that are primarily associated with Alzheimer’s disease. These appear to begin with volume losses in the entorhinal cortex, an important relay between the hippocampus and association cortices, and progressively affect the hippocampus proper. The progression from normal aging to frank Alzheimer’s dementia can occur in a graded fashion, lasting perhaps a decade or longer. However, pathological changes in entorhinal cortex often occur prior to clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease [18, 19]. Therefore, individuals in a prodromal stage of pathology may be inadvertently included in samples of apparently normal elderly participants [20]. Fortunately, behavioral measures of cognitive impairment can be used to predict progression from normal aging to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease so that individuals with pathology can be selectively excluded on the basis of such performance.
Transmitter Glutamate in Mammalian Hippocampus and Striatum
Published in Elling Kvamme, Glutamine and Glutamate in Mammals, 1988
The hippocampal formation is phylogenetically an old part of the cerebral cortex. It is a laminar structure where the different fiber connections are organized in a well-defined pattern. The hippocampus proper consists of a cellular layer of pyramidal cells and a cellular layer of granular cells in the area dentata (Figure 1).
Sectorization of the hippocampal formation: Cytoarchitectonics, topography, or vulnerability to hypoxia?
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2022
But the terminology related to these structures also shows some discrepancies: for example, the term hippocampal formation designates either the hippocampal complex to which is added the subiculum (Nieuwenhuys, Voogd, and van Huijzen 2008, 372) or all of these structures plus the entorhinal cortex (Standring 2016, 387). The Terminologia Anatomica, which is supposed to simplify the nomenclature and to clarify once and for all the meaning of terms used in morphological sciences, is unfortunately of very little help. It includes under the term “Hippocampus” the hippocampus proper (or Ammon’s horn, formed by regions I–IV or sectors CA1-C4), the subiculum and its subdivisions (why apart from the prosubiculum?), the fimbria, the layers of hippocampus, and the dentate gyrus with its layers (Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology, 1998, 128).
Neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on radiation-induced damage and apoptosis in the rat hippocampus
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018
Mohamed A. El-Missiry, Azza I. Othman, Mamdouh R. El-Sawy, Mohamad F. Lebede
Histological examination of H&E-stained hippocampal sections from control and EGCG-only treated rats revealed normal characteristic areas of hippocampal structures, including the hippocampus proper, dentate gyrus and subiculum. Normal hippocampal dentate gyrus cytoarchitecture consisting of molecular, granular and polymorphic layers was observed in the control and EGCG-only treated rats (Figure 8). Sections from irradiated rats showed severe degeneration in the dentate gyrus, indicated by remarkable vacuolation and damage. It shows also with marked compact granular cells with dark nuclei in dental gyrus. On the other hand, rats that were pretreated with EGCG before radiation exposure displayed marked protection of the dentate gyrus and exhibited a similar histological structure of the granular layer as compared with the control animals.
Neuroprotective role of medicinal plant extracts evaluated in a scopolamine-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Asmaa K. Abdelghany, El-Shymaa El-Nahass, Marwa A. Ibrahim, Akram. M. El-Kashlan, H.H. Emeash, Fatma Khalil
The results of the histopathological examination of the brains are shown in representative coronal sections of the hippocampus in Figure 3A–3F. Haematoxylin and eosin staining highlights the characteristic areas of the hippocampus (hippocampus proper, subiculum and dentate gyrus). The hippocampus proper had a normal histological structure in the brain of the control group (Figure 3A), featuring cornu ammonis, which consists of cytoarchitectural regions namely CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4 zones, and dentate gyrus.