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Viral Infections
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurs when the fifth cranial nerve (ophthalmic branch) is affected, and vesicles can develop on the tip of the nose (Hutchinson sign). These patients with ocular involvement (most commonly uveitis and keratitis) should also be seen immediately by the ophthalmologist. Ramsay Hunt syndrome, also known as herpes zoster oticus, occurs when the facial and auditory nerves are affected. Patients can present with auditory symptoms and facial paralysis, when herpes zoster involves the external ear or tympanic membrane.
Skin, soft tissue and bone infections
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Look for evidence of complications – for example look for evidence of sepsis in children with chickenpox, as they may have secondary bacterial infection. If shingles is over the ophthalmic area (herpes zoster ophthalmicus), an eye examination with ophthalmology review needs to be carried out, as keratitis can occur. Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome) includes the triad of ipsilateral facial paralysis, ear pain and vesicles in the auditory canal or on an auricle, reflecting reactivation in the geniculate nucleus. Other complications include pneumonitis, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, peripheral motor neuropathy, myelitis and Guillain–Barré syndrome.
Data and Picture Interpretation Stations Cases 1–42
Published in Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Alison Carter, Richard Fox, ENT OSCEs: A Guide to Passing the DO-HNS and MRCS (ENT) OSCE, 2019
Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Alison Carter, Richard Fox
What is the likely diagnosis? Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome)
Herpes zoster and simplex reactivation following COVID-19 vaccination: new insights from a vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) database analysis
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Michele Gringeri, Vera Battini, Gianluca Cammarata, Giulia Mosini, Greta Guarnieri, Chiara Leoni, Marco Pozzi, Sonia Radice, Emilio Clementi, Carla Carnovale
VZV reactivation was described with the following PTs: ‘Herpes Zoster’ (n = 5,819; 98.06%), ‘ophthalmic Herpes Zoster’ (n = 60; 1.01%), ‘Herpes Zoster oticus’ (n = 51; 0.86%), ‘Varicella Zoster virus infection’ (n = 25; 0.42%), ‘Herpes Zoster reactivation’ (n = 17; 0.29%), ‘disseminated Varicella Zoster virus infection’ (n = 9; 0.15%), ‘Herpes Zoster meningitis’ (n = 4, 0.07%), ‘Herpes Zoster cutaneous disseminated’ (n = 3, 0.05%), ‘genital Herpes Zoster’ (n = 1; 0.02%), ‘Herpes Zoster infection neurological’ (n = 1; 0.02%), and ‘Herpes Zoster meningoencephalitis’ (n = 1; 0.02%). Overall, the most common PTs listed alongside VZV reactivation were: ‘rash’ (n = 1,550; 26.12%), ‘pain’ (n = 843; 14.21%), ‘headache’ (n = 506; 8.53%), ‘pruritus’ (n = 441; 7.43%), ‘blister’ (n = 429; 7.23%), ‘fatigue’ (n = 425; 7.16%), ‘pain in extremity’ (n = 368; 6.20%), ‘pyrexia’ (n = 315; 5.31%), ‘neuralgia’ (n = 278; 4.68%), and ‘back pain’ (n = 258; 4.35%).
Herpes zoster does not increase the risk of sudden sensory neural hearing loss: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2020
So Young Kim, Chang-Ho Lee, Chanyang Min, Hyung-Jong Kim, Hyo Geun Choi
Herpes zoster oticus is a viral infection that can result in various degrees of hearing loss (Kim, Choi, and Shin 2016), ranging from mild to profound. It has been reported that 6.5–8.5% of Herpes zoster oticus cases result in sensorineural hearing loss (Kim, Choi, and Shin 2016). Occasionally, sensorineural hearing loss can occur suddenly as an initial symptom in a patient with Herpes zoster oticus (Wayman et al. 1990). Herpes zoster occurs with the reactivation and spread of a dormant viral infection from the sensory nerve roots to various innervated organs, including the auditory canals (Dayan and Peleg 2017). Notably, the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus within the geniculate ganglion results in Herpes zoster oticus (Sweeney and Gilden 2001), and such a viral infection could induce hearing loss by directly injuring inner ear structures or indirectly inducing inflammation and increasing host susceptibility to bacterial or fungal infection (Cohen, Durstenfeld, and Roehm 2014). In Herpes zoster oticus patients, direct viral infection of the eighth nerve has been observed (Kim, Choi, and Shin 2016). However, the impact on hearing loss of Herpes zoster infections other than Herpes zoster oticus remain unclear.
Recovery of ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials after treatment of inner ear diseases
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2019
Juan Hu, Hua Wang, Zichen Chen, Yuzhong Zhang, Wei Wang, Maoli Duan, Min Xu, Qing Zhang
Fifteen patients, eight females and seven males, with ages ranging from 22 to 71 years, were included in this study. All of them were diagnosed with peripheral vertigo resulting from inner ear diseases but had no other abnormal neurological symptoms. Before treatment, six patients showed no oVEMP response, six showed no cVEMP response, and three showed neither cVEMP nor oVEMP response from the ear with a lesion. After treatment, one patient still showed no oVEMP response, while all other patients showed replicable VEMP responses after various treatment durations (Table 1). Six patients with SSHL showed VEMP recovery, including two with both oVEMP and cVEMP recovery, three with oVEMP recovery only, and one with cVEMP recovery only. Two patients with MD showed cVEMP recovery, while the other three MD patients showed oVEMP recovery. Three patients with herpes zoster oticus exhibited cVEMP recovery. One patient with VN exhibited cVEMP recovery.