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Health Physics Problems in Electromagnetically Induced Hyperthermia
Published in Leopold J. Anghileri, Jacques Robert, Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment, 2019
Studies of effects of RF exposure on mammalian teratogenesis indicate that there is a dose-response relation between the effects and the absorbed dose. Only intense fields that result in significant heating are associated with reliable induction of teratogenesis.19,24 The time of exposure appears to play a significant role in the biological response. The most common result of RF exposure and accompanying the lowest exposure levels is reduced body weight, which persists as stunting to maturation.19 Abnormalities in the rat and mouse such as exencephaly and cranioschisis have been observed at higher dose rates.24 Another more general deleterious effect is an increased rate of fetal resorptions.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Management of Ectopia Cordis: Varied Presentation Spectrum
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2019
Gürcan Türkyilmaz, Sahin Avcı, Tugba Sıvrıkoz, Emircan Erturk, Umut Altunoglu, Sebnem Erol Turkyilmazlmaz, Ibrahim Halil Kalelioglu, Recep Has, Atil Yuksel
Intra- and extracardiac anomalies accompany the majority of cases. EC is frequently found in association with pentalogy of Cantrell, a syndrome involving five anomalies: (a) a midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, (b) a sternal cleft, (c) ventral diaphragmatic hernia, (d) congenital heart defects, (e) and EC. A ventricular septal defect is the most common cardiac anomaly; also atrial septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, double-outlet right ventricle and ventricular diverticulum commonly coexist with EC [17]. Neural tube defects, such as anencephaly, encephalocele and cranioschisis have been reported with Cantrell syndrome. Gallbladder agenesis and polysplenia may be other attending anomalies. Vertebral anomalies, clubfoot, the absence of tibia, fibula or radius have been reported in a few case reports [18,19]. The association of an abdominal wall defect with EC is the hallmark of this syndrome in the prenatal period. The prenatal findings were concordant with pentalogy of Cantrell in four fetuses in our series (Cases 1, 2, 3 and 7). We detected a large abdominal wall defect with EC in all of these cases, but unfortunately, we could not show a cardiac malformation in any case. We scanned the patients in the first trimester in three patients (Cases 1, 2 and 3) and due to early gestation, we could not perform an adequate cardiac screening. We could not scan these cases in the second trimester because the patients opted for termination of pregnancy. We performed a postnatal evaluation in all of these cases, but we did not find an additional structural cardiac malformation. Tetralogy of Fallot was identified in postnatal echocardiography in Case 7, but we could not demonstrate this anomaly in fetal life.