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Cognition, Language and Intelligence
Published in Rolland S. Parker, Concussive Brain Trauma, 2016
Reality testing is also degraded by subjectivity of neurotic or psychotic origin and proportions. The examiner can make an effort to determine whether the patient could not detect an error, or was forced by impairment to respond in a dysfunctional way. For example, Hartlage (1990) suggested that, rather than assume that Bender-Gestalt Test (B-G) errors are perceptual or motor, one can give the cards back to the patient (after recall procedure, please) and inquire whether the reproduced figure is the same or different. The response will determine whether the error is perceptual or motor. The person decides whether the mental product should be rejected or not offered. One example is the patient’s response to the Rorschach inkblots (the entire olate or a portion of it). A “percept” is offered and then rejected, or is privately considered and not revealed to the examiner. Form accuracy is judged by using group norms of acceptable or erroneous responses from the plates (e.g., Exner, 1993, including overall percentage expectations by age), augmented by the examiner’s personal estimate or use of an authoritative picture of the object. Other useful assessment tools are examination procedures such as assembly subtests or house-figures-clock drawings. Performance originates in the person’s mental model, which is compared to the product, and the process then is continued, modified, or rejected.
Research Methodology: Probability, Statistics, and Psychometric Tests Employed in Herbal Medicine Studies
Published in Ethan Russo, Handbook of Psychotropic Herbs, 2015
An additional measure of general cerebral functioning is the Bender-Gestalt Test and its several adaptations (Hutt, 1969). This is a primarily qualitative measure of visual-spatial functioning in which the subject/patient copies nine figures that are then scored along various dimensions. The results are used to infer the presence (or lack) of brain dysfunction as well to assess general brain efficiency. Various scoring systems are available for the Bender-Gestalt, making it difficult to compare across studies. Furthermore, the scoring, depending on the specific system used, can be somewhat subjective, raising the possibility of flawed interpretation. Nonetheless, it remains popular and can provide a brief screening measure of brain functioning.
Assessment of Cognitive Function in Cancer Patients
Published in David M. Dush, Barrie R. Cassileth, Dennis C. Turk, Psychosocial Assessment in Terminal Care, 2014
Thomas E. Oxman, Paula P. Schnurr, Peter M. Silberfarb
Three other related examples are the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test (Bender, 1938), the Benton Visual Retention Test (Benton, 1963), and the Graham Kendall Memory for Designs Test (Graham & Kendall, 1960). In the Bender-Gestalt Test, nine simple designs are presented on cards for the patient to copy, one at a time. The type and frequency of errors are noted, The Benton Visual Retention Test differs primarily in that the subject must draw a geometric design from memory after having seen the design on a card for a given length of time. The test thus requires short-term retention and recall, as well as spatio-constructive abilities. It can be made more difficult by using shorter card exposures. Performance is scored by the number of cards correctly reproduced and by the number of errors. Graham and Kendall's test is similar but allows for tranforming raw scores into scores which control for the effects of age and IQ.
Comparing the Graphic Performance of Students With and Without SLDs and ADHD Based on FEATS
Published in Art Therapy, 2022
Maryam Rajabpour Azizi, Zahra Rajabpour Azizi, Mahnaz Akhavan Tafti, Shirin Mohamadzadeh
In Iran, Ghaffari (2012) compared the PPAT drawings made by primary-school students with and without SLDs scored based on FEATS. A significant difference was observed between the two groups in five elements (color fit, integration, realism, line quality, and person) out of the 14 FEATS elements. Moreover, Khamessan and Rajabpour Azizi (2013) validated the FEATS for assessing internalizing disorders in adolescents and found that the groups with and without internalizing disorders significantly differ in all elements, except for logic. Akhavan Tafti et al. (2021) also compared the diagnostic power of the FEATS and Bender-Gestalt test in identifying the problems of students with SLDs based on four shared elements of these two tests. The children with SLDs had a significantly lower mean than those without SLDs in three elements of integration, realism, and perseveration, but not in rotation. The difference between the two groups was also significant in all four components of the Bender-Gestalt test (distortion, disintegration, perseveration, and rotation).
A case of factitious disorder presenting with symptoms of movement disorder
Published in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2019
Nurcan Eren Simsek, Mustafa Yildiz
No clinical depression or anxiety disorder was considered. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory test was rated “invalid.” In the Beier Sentence Completion test, loneliness theme was predominant. Bender-Gestalt test was used to video the physical movements of the patient during the interview. The patient did not swing while she was drawing. The interview records were watched with the patient. Upon the psychiatric diagnosis clarified as FD, she was discharged from the inpatient unit, with a plan to continue her treatment with individual sessions at the outpatient unit. Her complaints that comprised rocking back and forth as well as sudden cessation of movement as she was walking, just during the times her relatives and close social circle paid her visits as well as just before the time of discharge reappeared. After discharge, she could do self-care and daily work, had better relationships and no shaking behaviour. However, new somatic complaints occurred.
Gestalt Perception in Children With Visual Impairments: Item-Specific Performance and Looking Behavior
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2019
Ymie J. van der Zee, Marlou J. G. Kooiker, Marisabel Talamante Ojeda, Johan J. M. Pel
Literature on Gestalt performance in children, including fragmented picture recognition, hierarchical figures, and embedded figures, covers many conditions, for example, ASD (Bölte, Holtmann, Poustka, Scheurich, & Schmidt, 2007), schizophrenia (Uhlhaas, Phillips, Mitchell, & Silverstein, 2006; van de Ven, Rotarska-Jagiela, Oertel-Knöchel, & Linden, 2017) intellectual disability syndromes (Hodapp et al., 1992). These reports may provide insights into mechanisms and networks underlying our current results. For example, our finding that children with a (partly) cerebral cause for their visual impairment more often perform weakly on Gestalt Closure is related to findings in children with brain damage in general, who were found to have worse visuomotor Gestalt performance (i.e. Bender Gestalt test) than children without brain damage (Koppitz, 1962). More specific, PVL is an important underlying cause of CVI in children, and children with PVL showed poor results on a Closure subtest of a visual perception battery (Fazzi et al., 2004).