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Africa
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Health Equity and Equal Access to Care for Better Health Globally
Published in Connie White Delaney, Charlotte A. Weaver, Joyce Sensmeier, Lisiane Pruinelli, Patrick Weber, Nursing and Informatics for the 21st Century – Embracing a Digital World, 3rd Edition, Book 4, 2022
Rohana Basil Marasinghe, Ranige Maheshika Madhuwanthi
The health system of Sri Lanka provides various preventive and curative healthcare services based on western medicine as well as indigenous medical services. The curative healthcare system has an extensive network from primary to tertiary levels throughout the country. There are hospitals, dispensaries and community care centres. Primary-level care institutions include central dispensaries, maternity homes, rural hospitals, peripheral units and divisional hospitals, which offer non-specialist, inpatient and outpatient care. As shown in Figure 2.2, nurse-led clinics are key for primary care in all areas. Secondary-level care institutions include base hospitals, district general hospitals and provincial hospitals that provide inpatient and outpatient care with certain special units. Tertiary care hospitals include teaching hospitals and other provincial hospitals, which have all facilities of secondary care institutions as well as other specialities and subspecialties, including specialist units such as neurology and cardiology. There are certain specific specialized hospitals such as for cancer and kidney diseases.
Healthcare provision in prison
Published in Joanne Brooke, Dementia in Prison, 2020
In Australia, primary healthcare is provided in each prison, and most prisons work closely with community-based primary health services, which also support the provision of healthcare for prisoners. In some prisons which are geographically isolated, in-reach services may be provided by community-based primary health services, such as care provided by general practitioners, although primary healthcare in prisons tends to be delivered by nurses. An element that differentiates community-based primary healthcare and prison primary healthcare is the focus of GP-led care in the community and nurse-led services in prison settings. Nurse-led services include initial assessment in reception, provision of medication and vaccinations. Most prisons also provide some secondary healthcare, which is the provision of specialist care, following a referral from a primary healthcare provider. Whereas, tertiary healthcare is specialist healthcare such as cancer management, and all jurisdictions provide access to some secondary and tertiary healthcare in the community, including general hospital inpatient care and emergency care. Alongside physical healthcare, all jurisdictions provide access to specialist mental healthcare, which is delivered in collaboration with local community mental health services; inpatient involuntary care is provided outside of the prison system (Australian Bulletin 123, 2014).
From care to prevention in the NHS
Published in Kathy Knox, Krzysztof Kubacki, Sharyn Rundle-Thiele, Stakeholder Involvement in Social Marketing, 2020
Healthcare services in the United Kingdom are generally categorised as:Public health: which is responsible for improving the health and well-being of the general population and reducing health inequalities through the promotion of healthier lifestyles.Primary care: which includes general practice (family doctors), community pharmacists, dental, and optometry (eye health) services as well as providing community physiotherapy, district nurses, health visitors, walk-in centres and other local services.Secondary care: this usually refers to general hospitals, however some services can be provided in the community.Tertiary care: this refers to specialist centres such as cancer or cardiac care and tends to be centralised with expert staff and highly specialist equipment available.(Gov.uk, 2018)
Psychiatric morbidity among pregnant and non pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Oluwasomidoyin Olukemi Bello, Tolulope T. Bella-Awusah, Ayodeji Matthew Adebayo, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Chizoma Milicent Ndikom, Temitope Ilori, Eniola O. Cadmus, Folashade Omokhodion
This was a comparative cross-sectional study among consenting pregnant and non-pregnant women in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria conducted between September 2017 and February 2018 using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted among women aged 18 to 45 years attending the three tiers of public health care service delivery in Nigeria – primary, secondary and tertiary. In Nigeria, basic health care is provided at primary health care facilities which are usually manned by nurses and community health care workers who are trained to manage and treat only minor ailments. More serious health conditions are referred to secondary health care facilities which are an intermediate level of care. The most serious ailments are referred to tertiary healthcare facilities which provide specialist care. Because payment for health care services in Nigeria is mainly out of pocket, primary health care services are the preferred option for all types of health problems by people from lower socioeconomic classes who cannot afford more expensive specialised health care. Two of the 11 districts or local government areas (LGA’s) in Ibadan were purposively selected based on the availability of facilities in the three tiers of health care services. One primary and one secondary healthcare facility were randomly selected from the thirteen primary healthcare, and two secondary healthcare facilities were available in these districts. The only tertiary health facility in the city of Ibadan was also selected.
Need for social work interventions in the emergency department
Published in Social Work in Health Care, 2023
Jobin Tom, Elizabeth K. Thomas, A. Sooraj, Seema P. Uthaman, Harish M. Tharayil, Akhil S.L., Chandni Radhakrishnan
An emergency department is part of a hospital that provides 24/7 emergency care to patients who need urgent medical attention. Emergency Department (ED) medical teams provide trauma treatment, triage for admission into the hospital for acute medical conditions, as well as medical care to those who do not or cannot access primary care. Patients with multiple medical, social, and economic needs also utilize the ED as a safety net system of care. The availability of low-cost tertiary level care treatment in the government hospitals, as opposed to the relatively high cost of treatment in private hospitals, may be a factor in choosing health care services in the emergency departments as well as the increased patient load. One of the critical aspects in the operation of an emergency department is the prioritization of cases based on clinical needs, known as triage. It is the first stage through which every patient goes when they are availing ED services and consists of a brief assessment and later assigned to another area of the department.
Antimicrobial use for the management of varicella in Thailand: a retrospective observational study
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2023
Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit, Salome Samant, Sujittra Chaisavaneeyakorn, Supitcha Kamolratanakul, Sujane Limpadanai, Nehemiah Kebede, Jennifer Stephens, Isaya Sukarom, Manjiri Pawaskar
The study was conducted at four hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand, one private (Mission Hospital) and three public (Siriraj, Ramathibodi, and Hospital for Tropical Diseases). Almost a quarter (22.2%) of the total Thai population live in the Bangkok Metropolitan region35. All the hospitals provide primary and secondary care and have both outpatient and inpatient facilities. The three public hospitals are also referral centers and provide highly specialized tertiary care. Prior to data collection, the study was approved by the Central Research Ethics Committee (CREC) for Thailand and the local ethics committees of each hospital. Informed consent was not required as this was a retrospective medical chart review involving de-identified data, which were aggregated for analysis.