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Metabolic Bone Disease and Systemic Disorders of the Temporal Bone
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Victoria Alexander, Parag Patel
Lyme disease is spread by tick bites (genus Ixodes) that cause a localized skin reaction several days after a bite. The ticks that spread the disease are often found in woodland areas. The most common clinical symptoms are painful radiculitis, cranial palsy (43.4%; mostly facial which can be bilateral) and headache. However, there are case reports of stand-alone presentations with only sudden HL ± bilateral vestibular failure, but this is rare. Late stages of the disease can result in severe neurological dysfunction (chronic encephalomyelitis, ataxia, spastic paraparesis).
Epidemiology of Neurogenic Bladder
Published in Jacques Corcos, Gilles Karsenty, Thomas Kessler, David Ginsberg, Essentials of the Adult Neurogenic Bladder, 2020
Janine L. Oliver, Evgeniy I. Kreydin
Lyme disease is associated with a variety of neurologic abnormalities (termed neuroborreliosis), including encephalopathy, polyneuropathy, and leukoencephalitis.49 Between 2008 and 2015, 275,589 cases of Lyme disease were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with the majority of cases occurring in the Northeast, mid-Atlantic, and upper Midwest regions of the United States.50 Presenting symptoms are typically urinary retention or storage symptoms, and urodynamic findings of detrusor overactivity and detrusor areflexia have been described. Of note, these symptoms may be associated with acute radiculitis.51,52 Neurologic manifestations often improve with antibiotic therapy.49,53
Neurological manifestations of West Nile virus
Published in Avindra Nath, Joseph R. Berger, Clinical Neurovirology, 2020
Daniel E. Smith, J. David Beckham, Daniel M. Pastula, Kenneth L. Tyler
WNP is a lower motor neuron pattern of weakness, which on examination presents with reduced muscle tone (“flaccidity”) and hypo- or areflexia, and can be associated with loss of bowel and bladder tone resulting in urinary and/or fecal incontinence. Motor symptoms predominate, and sensory symptoms are absent or limited to painful dysesthsias in the affected extremities or back pain, with objective sensory only rarely found and not typically severe [25,28]. Rash is typically absent in these patients. On electrodiagnostic testing, electromyography (EMG) typically shows a motor axonopathy with no sensory involvement [12]. An associated radiculitis has also been described [49].
Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Meningoencephalitis-Associated Bilateral Optic Neuritis and Radiculitis
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2020
William L. Conte, Faten El Ammar, Asadolah Movahedan, Hassan A. Shah, Jeffrey Nichols, Adil Javed
Due to the rapid decline of her vision and lumbar puncture showing high number of inflammatory cells, optic neuritis was suspected rather than papilledema secondary to elevated intracranial pressure. She was prescribed 1 g methylprednisolone for three days. After three days of the steroids, her VA was 20/800 OD and 20/40 OS, with a 2+ APD in the right eye. Optic nerve swelling was stable (Figure 1). Due to the minimal improvement of vision particularly in the right eye with the steroids, she was prescribed 0.5 g/kg/day of IVIG for 4 days. Systemic steroid (prednisone 60 mg oral daily) and antiviral (IV acyclovir) were continued. At this time, she also started to complain of proximal left lower extremity weakness and pain. MRI of the lumbar spine showed enhancement of several cauda equina nerve roots consistent with radiculitis.
Diagnosis and management of Lyme neuroborreliosis
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2018
The third manifestation – and one that may be considerably underdiagnosed – is painful radiculitis. Just as was described in the original case report by Garin and Bujadoux, patients present with severe dermatomal pain, often with associated segmental weakness and muscle atrophy, mimicking a mechanical radiculopathy, but with no mechanical precipitant. As with many types of neuropathic pain, this is often particularly prominent at night. Involvement often includes several adjacent dermatomes, not just one nerve root. European authorities often emphasize that symptoms occur in the limb that was the site of the tick bite, suggesting that the spirochetes migrate to the CNS along the peripheral nerve. However, more recent series suggest this association is less consistent [13], perhaps indicating that this is more related to systemic bacterial dissemination. Similarly, although the European literature typically suggests that meningitis is a necessary contributor to radiculitis, more recent studies show that, just as in facial nerve palsy, nerve root inflammation is not necessary for this syndrome.
A multimodal physical therapy approach utilizing the Maitland concept in the management of a patient with cervical and lumbar radiculitis and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome-hypermobility type: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2018
The patient is a 35-year-old female referred to outpatient physical therapy for evaluation of worsening lumbar and cervical radiculitis. The cervical symptoms had been present for 5 months and the lumbar, 7 months. At the time of evaluation, genetic testing to rule in an EDS diagnosis had been initiated. She is married, a mother of two children under the age of 12 and is employed in a home-based profession with high computer use.