China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Nonanal is a colorless to pale yellow clear liquid; its odor type is aldehydic and its odor at 1% is described as ‘waxy, aldehydic, citrus, with a fresh slightly green lemon peel like nuance, and a cucumber fattiness’ (www.thegoodscentscompany.com). Nonanal occurs naturally in many citrus fruits, spices and some trees. It is an important commercial chemical that is used in perfumery and as a flavoring agent in food and cigarettes (National Library of Medicine).
Aldehyde toxicity and metabolism: the role of aldehyde dehydrogenases in detoxification, drug resistance and carcinogenesis
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2019
Amaj Ahmed Laskar, Hina Younus
Aldehydes are a large class of organic compounds having a carbonyl carbon atom substituted with at least one hydrogen atom along with additional functional moieties. Aldehyde family is generally represented by R-CHO, where R is any functional moiety/carbon-containing substituent. Based on the nature of R group, aldehydes are divided into different subclasses. Broadly, they are classified into aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes which can be either saturated or unsaturated (Feron et al. 1991; Koren and Bisesi 2003). The different subclasses of aldehydes are (i) short chain aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde; (ii) long chain aldehydes such as hexanal, nonanal; (iii) aromatic aldehydes such as cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde; (iv) α,β-unsaturated aldehydes such as citral, acrolein; and (v) α-oxoaldehydes such as glyoxal, glycolaldehyde (O’Brien et al. 2005; LoPachin and Gavin 2014).
Inter-kingdom relationships in Crohn’s disease explored using a multi-omics approach
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Alessandra Frau, Umer Z. Ijaz, Rachael Slater, Daisy Jonkers, John Penders, Barry J. Campbell, John G. Kenny, Neil Hall, Luca Lenzi, Michael D. Burkitt, Marieke Pierik, Alistair C. Darby, Christopher S. J. Probert
The analysis of VOCs in stool has shown an increase of metabolites associated with active CD,5 that is, 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol; nonanal; 2-methylpropyl butanoate; propyl 2-methyl propanoate; propyl propanoate. 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol is a monoterpene in culinary herbs and produced by some fungi,37 including Saccharomycetales yeasts.39 Nonanal is an aldehyde, and these molecules are often increased in CD: we reported this both in human CD29 and in a mouse model of IBD.71 This has been linked to inflammation and oxidative stress;5 in this context, these molecules are produced endogenously during a non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation.72
Can Plasmodium’s tricks for enhancing its transmission be turned against the parasite? New hopes for vector control
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2019
S. Noushin Emami, Melika Hajkazemian, Raimondas Mozūraitis
The accumulating data that pathogens manipulate host odor profiles to influence vector behavior reveal a possibility for developing new non-interventional, volatile-based malaria detection methods that have to be reliable, user-friendly, and affordably for the screening of human populations. Number of studies dealing with VOCs collection from human skin, breath, or blood showed volatile signature of parasite presence. Certain volatiles have been repeatedly found as indicators of the presence of malaria parasite, for example, octanal, nonanal, decanal, isoprene, tridecane, α-pinene and limonene (Figure 2). However, a single study has been reported that the amount of these volatiles can significantly differ with respect to the presence/absence of parasite as well as the presence of various parasite stages with regard to large structural diversity (Figure 2). Moreover, so far no parasite-specific compound has been identified, except in the study that is carried out by Kelly et al. [47] where identifications remain putative and have to be confirmed. The absence of parasite-specific volatiles is in accordance with the deceptive chemical signal hypothesis that predicts parasite manipulates existing host-cues rather than produces novel signals resulting in increased attractiveness of infected vertebrate hosts [83,84]. It is much more challenging to build a model that classifies samples based on quantitative rather than the qualitative difference of diagnostic compounds. The next step will be to determine whether quantitative differences of diagnostic volatiles between healthy and different stage malaria bearing individuals are large enough with respect to genetic variation among individuals, geographical regions, and diet, as well as the presence of other pathogens and parasites.