China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Paediatric orthopaedic disorders
Published in Brice Antao, S Irish Michael, Anthony Lander, S Rothenberg MD Steven, Succeeding in Paediatric Surgery Examinations, 2017
Children with diplegic cerebral palsy have muscle spasticity that can lead to development of joint contractures if not treated with stretching and physical therapy. Failure to adequately correct muscle imbalance with surgery, and differential growth of long bones with respect to surrounding muscles, can lead to recurrence of deformity even after surgery.
Diagnosis in orthopaedics
Published in Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse, Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
Louis Solomon, Charles Wakeley
Muscle imbalance Unbalanced muscle weakness or spasticity will result in joint deformity which, if not corrected, will eventually become fixed. This is seen most typically in poliomyelitis and cerebral palsy. Tendon likewise, cause
General principles of management of lower motor neuron paralysis
Published in Benjamin Joseph, Selvadurai Nayagam, Randall Loder, Ian Torode, Paediatric Orthopaedics, 2016
Muscle imbalance must be corrected even if a deformity can be corrected without rebalancing the muscle power to prevent recurrence of the deformity due to the effect of the muscle imbalance on a proximal joint (Figure 53.2). Muscle imbalance can be restored by either strengthening the weaker muscle group or weakening the stronger muscle group.
Impairment of scapular control in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Natharin Boontha, Shiauyee Chen, Jiu-Jenq Lin
The shoulder flexion limitation in the COPD group may be influenced by altered biomechanics and the muscle length–tension relationship in the cervico-thoracic and scapular area. A cervico-thoracic muscle imbalance may alter the relative positions of the head, neck, and shoulders. Round shoulder syndrome, TK, and forward head position typically occur not only in the elderly but also in individuals with COPD (Dias, Kirkwood, Parreira, and Sampaio, 2009; Gonçalves et al., 2017a, 2017b; Lee et al., 2018; Morais, Cruz, and Marques, 2016; Muhammed et al., 2020). Postural alteration in COPD group may be related to the pathology itself, which is closely associated with osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency (Lehouck, Boonen, Decramer, and Janssens, 2011). The present findings seem to support this assumption, suggesting that COPD may significantly affect the subjects’ scapular orientation. The increase in TK angle appears to be related to decreased in shoulder flexibility, lung function, back muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance (Hassan Ezzat, 2015). Increased TK could cause an increase of up to 10 degrees in anterior tilt and internal rotation of the scapula during arm elevation and limited shoulder full elevation (Finley and Lee, 2003; Kebaetse, McClure, and Pratt, 1999). Although the forward-leaning position with arm support has been suggested to relieve dyspnea for patients with COPD, maintaining this position for prolonged periods may lead to poor posture, such as TK, forward head position and round shoulder syndrome.
MRI evaluation of shoulder pathologies in wheelchair users with spinal cord injury and the relation to shoulder pain
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2022
Ursina Arnet, Wiebe H. de Vries, Inge Eriks-Hoogland, Christian Wisianowsky, Lucas H. V. van der Woude, DirkJan H. E. J. Veeger, Markus Berger
The most common MRI finding was any grading of supraspinatus tear which has been previously reported in this population.27 Our findings that supraspinatus tear is more common than tears of other rotator cuff tendon is similar to findings from the able-bodied population.28 However, the number of partial thickness tear in our study is higher (41%) than reported in the able-bodied population (13% to 32%).28 Similar differences between persons with SCI and controls have been reported previously.29 Fatiguing wheelchair propulsion results in acute changes in the supraspinatus and biceps tendon, which may explain the high injuries presence of these tendons in our studied population.30 Previous research has shown that persons with supraspinatus tear perform functional tasks such as forward reach, pulling or upward reaching with more internal rotation of the humerus than controls.31 This altered motion could be the result of avoiding painful postures, which in turn may exposes the shoulder to impingement, particularly during higher elevation.32 Alternatively, the increased internal rotation could be caused by muscle imbalance. Deltoid and pectoral muscle may compensate the absence of a fully functional rotator cuff, which may affect glenohumeral loading and could result in further joint damage,33 such as arthrosis, which we found in 25% of the participants.
Musculoskeletal complaints and associated factors among dental practitioners of Nepal: a nationwide survey
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Tarakant Bhagat, Ashish Shrestha, Santosh Kumari Agrawal, Ujwal Gautam
The World Health Organization [27] defines MSD as: a disorder of the muscles, tendons, peripheral nerves or vascular system not directly resulting from an acute or instantaneous event (e.g., slips or falls). These disorders are considered to be work-related when the work environment and the performance of work contribute significantly, but are only one of a number of factors contributing to the causation of a multifactorial disease.Causes of MSDs are thought to be multifactorial. Physiological changes that accompany these disorders can be related to practice patterns. Serious detrimental effects can result from faulty practice patterns. Primarily being seated for prolonged periods (i.e., prolonged static posture [PSP]) has been shown to exacerbate the changes. Studies associated such postures with increased disk pressures and spinal hypomobility, which are factors that may lead to degenerative changes within the lumbar spine and LBP or injury. Studies have also hinted toward a relationship between prolonged, static (motionless) muscle contractions and muscle ischemia or necrosis. Weak postural muscles of the trunk and shoulder may lead to poor operator posture. As muscles adapt by lengthening or shortening to accommodate these postures, a muscle imbalance may result, leading to structural damage and pain [28].