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Muscle Cramps/Leg Cramps
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Leg cramps, or charley horses, involve a sudden, painful, and involuntary localized contraction of an entire muscle group, individual muscle, or select muscle fibers.' Generally, the cramp can last from a few seconds to several minutes. It is a common problem that often affects the feet, calves, or thigh muscles. Leg cramps are a clinical diagnosis. A magnesium, calcium, or potassium imbalance can cause lower extremity muscle cramps.2 Heat-associated muscle cramping is often seen during sports and rigorous exercise or physical activity.1
Antimicrobials during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
The two major antimalarial drugs are chloroquine and quinine. Chloroquine is the primary drug used for the treatment of malaria, as well as for chemoprophylaxis in pregnant women who must travel to endemic areas (Diro and Beydoun, 1982). Although there have been no studies of infants whose mothers were treated for malaria during pregnancy with chloroquine, one study reported no increased frequency of congenital anomalies among 169 infants whose mothers received weekly low doses of the drug for malaria prophylaxis during pregnancy (Wolfe and Cordero, 1985). Quinine is used primarily for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. Although there are no large studies regarding its use during pregnancy, increased malformations have been reported when large doses were used to attempt abortion (Nishimura and Tanimura, 1976). Quinine sulfate tablets have also been utilized for leg cramps, but their efficacy is unproven. Although not recommended for the treatment of leg cramps during pregnancy, the antimalarial quinines should not be withheld in the seriously ill pregnant woman with chloroquine-resistant malaria.
Prenatal Care
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Gabriele Saccone, Kerri Sendek
Leg cramps are reported to occur in 34% of pregnant women in the mid-trimester [136, 137]. Magnesium lactate or citrate chewable tablets 5 mmol in the morning and 10 mmol in the evening for 3 weeks are associated with one-third of women not having persistent leg cramps compared to 94% of placebo controls having persistent cramps. A multivitamin with a mineral supplement might decrease leg cramps, but it is unclear which one of the 12 ingredients (or combination) is beneficial. Sodium chloride is associated with a slight reduction, although consideration must be given to the potential effect on blood pressure. Calcium supplements do not decrease leg cramps compared to placebo. However, it is unclear whether any of the interventions studied (i.e., oral magnesium, oral calcium, oral vitamin B, or oral vitamin C) provide an effective treatment for leg cramps due to poor study design and trials being too small to address the question satisfactorily.
What is the optimal treatment technique for great saphenous vein diameter of ≥10 mm? Comparison of five different approaches
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2021
Emre Kubat, Celal Selçuk Ünal, Onur Geldi, Erdem Çetin, Aydın Keskin
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a major public health problem and several factors have been suggested to be play a role in its etiology including age, sex, pregnancy, ethnicity, family history, and obesity [1]. It typically presents with leg pain, burning sensation, itching, heaviness, and restless legs and nocturnal leg cramps. Untreated CVI may lead to a broad range of conditions from telangiectasis to skin ulceration [1]. The incidence of varicose veins has been estimated as 1.4% annually equally in both sexes [2]. Symptomatic superficial venous insufficiency accounts for the majority of CVI cases and several treatment options are available including compression stockings, venoactive drugs, and surgery [1]. Of note, previous studies have demonstrated that surgical treatment is superior to medical treatment in case of symptomatic superficial venous insufficiency [1,3].
Toward a Model of Porn Literacy: Core Concepts, Rationales, and Approaches
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2020
Kate Dawson, Saoirse Nic Gabhainn, Pádraig MacNeela
Many participants discussed how pornography depicted an unrealistic representation of real-life sex by making sex look easy. Participants reported that it was important to inform young people about realistic sexual expectations, including the awkward, funny, and disappointing moments that people are likely to experience in their sexual lives: “Something as simple as putting on a condom … there can be a bit of fumbling in the real world, and like in porn the guy mightn’t be wearing a condom” (heterosexual woman, age 22). Online interventions using video campaigns that incorporate the use of humor were recommended to help youth to establish realistic expectations for sex: A campaign with a Web site which is tailored towards young people… . Even one-minute videos, like, “hashtag real porn.” And if it’s somebody getting a leg cramp in the middle of something, this is the reality of what it’s like… . If you did it in a funny way, make it more accessible, and people would actually watch it. (Heterosexual woman, age 25)
Clinical efficacy of once-daily micronized purified flavonoid fraction 1000 mg tablet in patients with symptomatic chronic venous disease
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2019
A. Kirienko, D. Radak, A. Maggioli
The characteristics of the chronic venous disease were recently reviewed by the vein act program between 2013 and 2016 and enrolled 7987 patients suffering from CVD-related-symptoms (mainly pain)6. The population was constituted mainly by females (79%), with a mean age of 54 years and a mean BMI of 26.8 ± 4.8 kg/m2. Of the enrolled patients, 30.7% had previously consulted for leg problems and 24.3% had already been treated for CVD. According to CEAP classification, 4% were C0s, 19% C1, 22% C2, 32% C3, and 23% C4–C6. Women had a higher prevalence of C0–C2 stages than men (25.8% vs 10.4%). CVD symptoms, including leg heaviness, leg pain, sensation of swelling, burning and leg cramps were reported by 90% of the patients. The mean number of symptoms was 2.7 ± 1.1, and the intensity was >5 cm on the VAS for all symptoms.