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Pituitary emergencies:
Published in Nadia Barghouthi, Jessica Perini, Endocrine Diseases in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period, 2021
Jessica Perini, Nadia Barghouthi, Gayatri Jaiswal
Lactation failure in the immediate postpartum period or after months should raise suspicion for Sheehan’s syndrome. Hypoprolactinemia can be diagnosed with a low prolactin level.
Endocrine diseases and pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Postpartum pituitary necrosis (Sheehan’s syndrome) results from an ischemic insult to the pituitary as a complication of peripartum hemorrhage (52) and is distinctly rare in modern obstetric practice (53). Physiologic enlargement of the pituitary in late gestation, consequent to the physiologic expansion of lactotrophs, seems to render the gland especially sensitive to hemodynamic insult. In the setting of known obstetric hemorrhage or maternal hypotension during the labor and delivery process, Sheehan’s syndrome is suspected if postpartum lactation fails to occur. Lactation failure heralds possible loss of other critical pituitary hormonal function, including ACTH and TSH, which should be assessed through appropriate testing. Diagnosis is confirmed by MRI, typically demonstrating the absence of a pituitary tumor and possibly demonstrating an edematous or hemorrhagic gland. Frequently, deficiencies of ACTH and TSH are not evident for years, so long-term follow-up of affected women is essential (40).
Contemporary Feeding Practices in Infancy and Early Childhood in Developing Countries
Published in Frank Falkner, Infant and Child Nutrition Worldwide:, 2021
Poverty-induced stress, appalling living conditions and maternal ill-health, poor nutritional status and overwork have been implicated as likely causes of lactation failure for many years (e.g. Williams, 1938). More recently, poor obstetric outcome and low initiation of breast-feeding among urban slum dwellers have been attributed to low age of marriage, high parity, ill-health and poverty (Leigh et al., 1983). In rural Zaire, reduced milk output is associated with poor maternal nutritional status, with resultant early introduction of traditional supplements (Vis et al., 1981; WHO, 1985). The most common reason for introducing other milks given by mothers in many countries is a perceived lack of breast milk and/or the child not being satisfied with breast-feeds alone (Fink, 1985; King et al., 1987; Population Council, 1984). The maternal poverty-ill-health-overwork syndrome is one that merits consideration in programmes aimed at promoting breast-feeding.
Thymoquinone ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction, improves reproductive efficiency exhibiting a dose-organ relationship
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Seba Harphoush, Guoqing Wu, Gao Qiuli, Margaret Zaitoun, Maissam Ghanem, Yonghui Shi, Guowei Le
After 11 weeks, the females were bred, as shown in Figure 2A, the pregnancy induction rate was measured by counting the successful pregnancies in the first week after mating, the pregnancy rate was the lowest in the HFD group (Gesink Law et al. 2006), and improved in the TQ10 and TQ20 groups to 50% and 60%, respectively. Pregnancy rate was higher in TQ20 than CON. High pregnancy mortality was noticed in the HFD group caused by birth difficulties resulting from the excess weight. We investigated the females’ ability to pursue lactation after birth, notably, HFD and TQ20 dams failed to sustain feeding the offspring after birth (38.89% and 33.33%), but lactation was improved in TQ10 and CON (50% and 84.21%), respectively. The surviving offspring rate at 2 weeks was increased in CON and TQ10 groups (p < 0.05), while decreased in HFD and TQ20 groups (Figure 2B). The obvious reason for lactation failure is impaired milk production and lack of maternal care.