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Depression and Somatization in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Published in Peter Manu, The Psychopathology of Functional Somatic Syndromes, 2020
Current psychiatric disorders were identified with the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule in 111 patients (60 percent) with chronic fatigue. The prevalence was somewhat higher among the chronic fatigue syndrome patients (75 percent) than in the idiopathic chronic fatigue group (57 percent). In contrast, only 19 percent of the subjects without complaints of tiredness had a current psychiatric disorder (p < 0.001). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale identified a probable depressive disorder in 81 percent of patients and a probable anxiety disorder in 67 percent of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. The exclusion of fatigue as a contributing symptom reduced the proportion of depressive disorders to 44 percent of the chronic fatigue syndrome group. More than two-thirds of chronic fatigue syndrome patients (68 percent) had been previously diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, and 43 percent of them had received prescriptions for psychotropic drugs prior to entering the study. The corresponding frequencies among the control subjects were 32 percent for past psychiatric illnesses and 14 percent for previous psychotropic treatment (p < 0.01). As expected, these variables were also strong predictors for the presence of current psychiatric morbidity. The previous use of psychotropic medications showed a significant correlation with the severity of psychological distress.
Breast implant illness: scientific evidence of its existence
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2022
JW Cohen Tervaert, N Mohazab, D Redmond, C van Eeden, M. Osman
Improvement in the ASIA symptoms (fatigue, arthralgia, muscle pain and weakness, cognitive impairment, alopecia, widespread pain, and allergies) after removal of breast implants also provides confirming evidence of causation. These symptoms would not be expected to improve spontaneously after removal of breast implants if they were not caused by the device. Similar symptoms are seen in idiopathic chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia, but spontaneous improvements are extremely rare. Improvement upon explantation of breast implants points to a different pathophysiology for the autoimmune-like symptoms seen in patients with breast implants.
Is self-regulation key in reducing running-related injuries and chronic fatigue? A randomized controlled trial among long-distance runners
Published in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2022
Luuk P. van Iperen, Jan de Jonge, Josette M. P. Gevers, Steven B. Vos, Luiz Hespanhol
Based on the previous overview, a more personalized approach thus appears essential in terms of intervention delivery, yet the optimal intervention content remains less clear. We argue here that, in terms of content, supporting runners' self-regulatory behavior is key. This reasoning starts from the nature of running: a demanding and largely individual sport (e.g., Fokkema et al., 2019). These characteristics make the personal choices of runners in how they self-regulate and balance their training load and training load capacity essential in determining their health-related outcomes (Bertelsen et al., 2017; McCormick et al., 2019). Self-regulation perspectives have been previously used to understand and treat chronic fatigue (i.e., Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; see Deary, 2008). Similarly, self-regulation interventions have been successfully employed to help reduce idiopathic chronic fatigue (Marques et al., 2017). Although we do not claim that long-distance runners rank particularly high in chronic fatigue compared to the general population, we do argue that accounting for differences in such symptoms is helpful in determining which runners are inadequately self-regulating. Self-regulation also has value with regard to injury prevention. For example, a study focusing on tennis players was in part based on the triadic model of self-regulation (see Clark & Zimmerman, 2014), utilizing various personal, behavioral, and environmental aspects. This study showed that players scoring high on self-monitoring incurred fewer overuse injuries, whereas those scoring high on reflection reported more of such overuse injuries (van der Sluis et al., 2019). Based on these findings, we argue that a self-regulation perspective may thus aid our understanding of runners' behavior with regard to RRIs and chronic fatigue, as well as help prevent such outcomes (see also Balk & Englert, 2020).