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Women and health: the United States and the United Kingdom compared
Published in Ellen Lewin, Virginia Olesen, Women, Health, and Healing, 2022
Despite these changes, in both the United States and the United Kingdom, the work profiles of women and men continue to differ markedly. More men are employed than women and their work profiles show fewer interruptions. Nor has the increase in the numbers of women in paid work modified the pattern of sex segregation which prevails in both countries. Occupational segregation falls into two types. The first, horizontal segregation, occurs when different kinds of work are allocated to women and men. In contrast, vertical segregation applies when women and men both participate in the same field of work but where women are disproportionately concentrated in the lower grades and men in the higher, whether these are defined in terms of skill, responsibility, prestige, or financial reward (Hakim 1979). These two types of sex segregation are logically separate although they may occur together. It is important to distinguish them in any analysis of the social relations of occupations and, as we shall see shortly, both forms may appear in health occupations.
Lesson Learned from the U.S. Concept
Published in Ira Nurmala, Yashwant V. Pathak, Advancing Professional Development through CPE in Public Health, 2019
Ira Nurmala, Yashwant V. Pathak
The public health graduates’ competencies ensure that a person is capable of carrying out tasks in certain health occupations. A graduate competency test is a process to measure the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of public health graduates in accordance with the required competencies. Moreover, to guarantee the implementation of a qualified test, the blueprint of the Public Health Bachelor Competency Test is prepared as a guidance for making up questions and executing the competency test.
Challenges Facing the American Healthcare System
Published in Kant Patel, Mark Rushefsky, Healthcare Politics and Policy in America, 2019
The US government’s Standard Occupation Classifications list 34 health occupations employing millions of individuals. Some of the largest health occupations are registered nurses, physicians, home health aides, and personal care aides. Recent years have witnessed significant growth in physician assistants and medical assistants (“U.S. Health Workforce Chartbook—In Brief” 2018).
A scoping review of the role of gender within speech-language pathology practice
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2023
Our results are consistent with past research showing that important factors influencing career choice include having exposure to the profession and role models (Litosseliti & Leadbeater, 2013b). Other studies on career choices of men within allied health care occupations (i.e. nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurse anaesthetists) also note that they chose these occupations because it was the best decision amongst the alternatives, such as going into medicine (Lindsay, 2007b). Within such allied health occupations, men often entered their job as a second career choice as an opportunity to expand their skills and increase their autonomy (Lindsay, 2007b). Further research is needed to understand the inconsistency in the findings in our review regarding the role of gender in influencing career choice where some studies reported gender influenced decisions while others did not.
Feminist research in a female-dominated profession: How can this lens help us to understand ourselves better in speech-language pathology?
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2022
Jemma Skeat, Stacie Attrill, Deborah Hersh
This study used gender analysis to provide a feminist lens on the implications of the global feminisation of the health workforce. Growing from previous studies linking the increasing proportion of women in occupations to reducing wages, the authors sought to analyse how wage conditions had changed for health professions over time, and whether this was associated with increased feminisation. Gender analysis, which provides a methodology to explore how gender impacts socio-economic development activities (Hunt, 2004) enabled the authors to explore a time series of global health workforce wage data from the “Wageindicator” dataset between 2006 and 2014. “Wageindicator” is a Dutch database containing survey information gathered from more than one million participants about global labour markets, including wage conditions that are adjusted to reflect local conditions. Whilst quantitative methods were used to analyse the dataset, the authors used gender analysis as a critical feminist lens to problematise and reflect about positionality and power changes in response to the global phenomena of an increasingly feminised health workforce. Data included were derived from 25 countries, adjusted for national income classifications, and 37 health occupations that were grouped according to their traditional representation of men and women. Data were examined for gender trends in participation, renumeration and changes in wage conditions across the eight-year data extraction period.
‘Weaving lifestyle habits’: Complex pathways to health for persons at risk for stroke
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2022
Emelie Mälstam, Eric Asaba, Elisabet Åkesson, Susanne Guidetti, Ann-Helen Patomella
The core category ‘Weaving lifestyle habits’ comprises three main categories and six sub-categories (see Table 1 for compilation of the categories). Two of the main categories, Awareness of health, occupations and risk factors and Conditioned pathways to health, describe how important literacy of health and occupation, and individual and contextual features and conditions were perceived to be for making changes in lifestyle habits. The last main category, Changing ways of doing through experience, describes occupational experiences as even more central to shaping and sustaining a pattern of healthy lifestyle habits, where specifically experiencing engaging occupations, together with increasing literacy of health and occupations, is a strong facilitator for healthy lifestyle habits.