China
Africa
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Health Information Exchange
Published in Salvatore Volpe, Health Informatics, 2022
New York State’s investment in transformation of health information technology (HIT) and health information exchange (HIE) began in the early 2000s. It was then that stakeholders began to recognize the value HIT and HIE presented to the healthcare system and leveraged a combination of state and federal funding to initiate the development of an infrastructure that continues to evolve today. In 2004 and beyond, the Health Care Efficiency and Affordability Law for New Yorkers (HEAL NY) was established and included capital funding for HIT. This funding combined with private sector matching funds and other grants supported the creation of approximately 13 regional health information exchanges (RHIOs). RHIOs provide health information exchange functionality within their region among a community of healthcare providers such as hospitals, physicians, labs, long-term care providers, health plans, public health agencies, and more.
Antibody-Based Therapies
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Trastuzumab is still mainly given by intravenous infusion, and so resuscitation facilities should be on hand in case of anaphylactic shock. However, Roche has developed a new formulation of HerceptinTM for subcutaneous administration. In 2013 Roche presented data from the PrefHer study, an international randomized, multicenter, cross-over Phase II clinical trial, which was one of the first studies to examine patient preference for a particular cancer therapy. The results of the trial clearly showed that the subcutaneous form was preferred by patients compared to the intravenous formulation, as it reduced the time they spent at treatment centers by more than a half (i.e., 58%). It also reduced the time needed for pharmacists, nurses, and doctors to treat patients, thus saving resources in hospitals and improving health care efficiency.
Cost containment and health care reforms in the British NHS
Published in Elias Mossialos, Julian Le Grand, Health Care and Cost Containment in the European Union, 2019
The White Paper highlights the fact that the NHS requires a new national performance framework, to overcome the distortion of the Purchaser Efficiency Index, which is based on the financial bottom line and the number of 'finished consultant episodes'. The latter way of approaching performance is criticized as being too narrow because it does not reflect access, effectiveness and perceived quality. Accordingly, a new articulated framework to measure performance is launched. It will have six dimensions: health improvement, fair access, effective delivery of appropriate health care, efficiency, patient/carer experience and health outcomes of NHS care.
The nexus between internal marketing in hospitals and organizational commitment: Incorporating the mediation roles of key job characteristics
Published in International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2020
Nestor Asiamah, Frank Frimpong Opuni, Henry Kofi Mensah
The world's population continues to grow quickly owing mainly to factors such as increasing life expectancy and falling mortality rate across the world, especially in developed countries. This situation, however, accompanies a significant increase in health care burden. Governments, as a consequence, face the herculean task of continuously up-building health care infrastructure and developing health workers in order to meet the health care needs of their ever-growing populations. It is a sad reality, to say the least, that governments and public health stakeholders grapple with serious drawbacks to counter the adverse impact of growing human populations on health care efficiency. One of these challenges is the incidence of health care workers leaving their jobs as a result of having better options elsewhere, e.g. greener pastures abroad [1]. Alas, these options continue to increase in number for health professionals [1–3], particularly in developing countries like Ghana where motivation for health workers is relatively poor.
Performance role models among public health facilities: An application of data envelopment analysis
Published in International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2020
Abolaji Joachim Abiodun, Kenneth Sola Adeyemi
However, studies in health care efficiency have been quite limited elsewhere outside the southern Africa sub-region. Ghana and Sierra Leone furnished a ready example of countries outside the southern region that have cases of studies on health care efficiency. Kwakey [20] effort in Ghana is more of a pioneering study on health or hospital efficiency in the West African sub-region. He employed DEA to measure the relative efficiency of 20 selected hospitals in Ghana in 2004. His study was followed by Osei et al. [21] which was based on data from of public health centres and 17 public hospitals in Ghana. The study offered empirical evidence on the performances of these facilities; however, the sample size was quite small to allow for generalization of the result for the whole country. There was another study conducted based on a larger sample size. [22] The study based on a sample size of 89 health centres showed that as much as 65% of these facilities were technically inefficient, that is, using resources that they did not actually need. Similarly, Renner, et al., [23] applied DEA to measure both the technical and scale efficiency of a sample of public peripheral units in Sierra Leone the study revealed that 59% of the 37 peripheral health units were technically inefficient and 65% been scale inefficient. In recent time, however, there have been studies using data envelopment methodology in Uganda [24] Cameroun [17], Burkina Faso [25] with further studies in South Africa [26]. Further research efforts are expected to remedy the dearth of attention to health care efficiency studies in the continent.
A discussion of the United States’ and Egypt’s health care quality improvement efforts
Published in International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2021
In the United States, both the federal government and the private sector play active roles in promoting health care quality, working collaboratively towards improving the quality, efficiency, and safety of all health care services and activities. At the federal level, the government is responsible for measuring and monitoring the quality of care and for developing monitoring tools that can inform and guide health policymakers [15]. Most of the government's efforts are led by the United States Department of Health and Human Services which is sub-divided into multiple agencies with mutually supportive roles and responsibilities. Three of these agencies are key drivers for health care quality. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality aims to increase patient safety and health care efficiency while expanding access to high-quality care. It coordinates the implementation of the National Quality Strategy and tracks progress in realizing national goals. In addition, the agency focuses on the dissemination of best practices. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services manages the nation's civilian public insurance programs. As the largest health insurer in the world, it seeks to drive quality improvement through reimbursement and public information to reduce avoidable costs and improve outcomes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention focuses on improving public health. The United State’s privatized health care payment model has engendered participation by non-public entities that have assumed a wide range of roles, including educational outreach, performance measurement, and individually-funded accreditation programs.