China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Autonomic Responses to Microgravity and Bedrest
Published in David Robertson, Italo Biaggioni, Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System, 2019
Victor A. Convertino, Rose Marie Robertson
Decreased orthostatic stability, whether measured by simple changes in blood pressure and heart rate while standing quietly or by decreased tolerance to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) (Blomqvist, 1983a), is of particular interest to the U.S. space effort because of the space vehicle used. With the Space Shuttle, in which the final hours and minutes of landing are controlled by the pilot, there are actually increased head-to-foot G forces during the landing procedure. The possibility that the pilot might be significantly less able to tolerate these forces than prior to flight and might lose consciousness at this critical time is of great concern, and has sparked a serious interest in understanding and counteracting this problem. Pilots now wear G suits during landing and a number of other countermeasures are employed empirically. The rationale for their use and the experimental data supporting their choice will be reviewed below.
Acceleration physiology
Published in Nicholas Green, Steven Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, Edward Nicol, Handbook of Aviation and Space Medicine, 2019
Nicholas Green, Steven Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, Edward Nicol
Minimum conditions for development of acceleration atelectasis: > +3 Gz.Breathing >60% O2 for at least 15 min.Wearing an anti-G suit.
Neurosurgery
Published in Brian J Pollard, Gareth Kitchen, Handbook of Clinical Anaesthesia, 2017
Volume loading reduces the fall in CVP as the patient is tilted head-up. CVP must be monitored in all cases and the tip of the catheter should be correctly placed. The use of positive end-expiratory pressure is controversial because, although it increases right atrial pressure and might minimize air entrainment, it may adversely affect surgical conditions and increases the risk of paradoxical air embolus if VAE does occur. Compression of the lower limbs and/or abdomen, by the use of leg bandages, a G-suit or medical anti-shock trousers, raises venous pressure. Nitrous oxide should not be used as it will cause expansion of any air bubbles that enter the circulation.
Joseph Resch and the plea of the practicing neurologists: A postwar neurology resident’s tale
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2018
Resch spent half his time in the School of Aviation Medicine to be a flight surgeon, and the other half at the Army Field Service School to learn how to be an officer. Then he was sent to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, to learn aviation physiology and research antigravitational “G suits” designed to prevent pilots from blacking out during high-acceleration turns (Kennedy, 2009). After three months, he was shipped to the Command and General Staff School in Fort Leavenworth. Then, he was posted to the West Coast to be the commanding officer of a station hospital. He was 29 years old: All my doctors were older than I was, but I spent a year being base surgeon and commander of the station hospital. Then I began to do the thing that you shouldn’t do: I volunteered. I told the Air Force surgeon at the fort that I really felt that I should not be sitting around in this hospital when there was a war going on and I was a regular officer. He said, “Well, where do you want to go?” I said, “I can speak and write German and so on, and so I ought to go to the European Theater.” (Streeter, 2008)