China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Plant-Based Phytochemicals in the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
The use of aspirin on a regular basis has been shown to decrease the incidence and mortality of colon cancer. No clear explanation is available on the mechanism of chemopreventive effects. Some possible mechanisms include the downregulation of c-Myc protein levels in the human colon. Northern blot analysis showed that the drug caused decreased levels of c-Myc mRNA. Salicylic acid, a plant-based phenolic compound found in aspirin, has been shown to potentially prevent colon cancer in persons on this therapy. A study looked at the mechanism of colon cancer prevention in a rat model. It was found that salicylic acid might prevent cancerous colon cells from proliferating by decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress. Cytoskeletal regulation, energy metabolism, redox, transport, and protein folding were assisted with actions of salicylic proteins.3,4,8,34
Herbs in Cancer Therapy
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Annum Malik, Shahzadi Sidra Saleem, Kifayat Ullah Shah, Learn-Han Lee, Bey Hing Goh, Tahir Mehmood Khan
Various strategies used to interfere with or prevent cancer progression or development are involved in chemoprevention. These strategies may use natural complexes or their synthetic analogs (Safarzadeh et al. 2014). One of the main activities of chemopreventive plants is to induce apoptosis in the malignant cells (Pal and Shukla 2003, Yang et al. 2013). In vivo studies of Saffron shows ability of inhibiting tumorigenesis through different mechanisms. Some of these mechanisms involve inhibition of RNA, DNA synthesis, free radical chain or topoisomerase II inhibition (Abdullaev, 2002). Curcumin inhibits cycloeskinase-2 production in epithelial colon cells and also induce apoptosis in cancer cells by blocking NF-kB signaling pathway. This blocking is caused by the control of IKB enzyme phosphorylation (Plummer et al. 1999, Ireson et al. 2002).
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Published in Savio George Barreto, Shailesh V. Shrikhande, Dilemmas in Abdominal Surgery, 2020
Paul Kolarsick, Steven D. Wexner
Endoscopic surveillance of patients treated with total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis should occur every six to twelve months depending on polyp burden. Patients treated with total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis should undergo surveillance endoscopy every one to three years unless high-grade dysplasia or large polyp burden dictates more frequent surveillance. It is our practice to use the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) sulindac as chemoprevention in patients with retained rectum. Although not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for polyp suppression, sulindac has been shown to reduce colorectal adenoma formation. It is unknown whether chemoprevention reduces the incidence of cancer [1].
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Obesity-Associated Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Tarah J. Ballinger, Zora Djuric, Sagar Sardesai, Kathleen M. Hovey, Chris A. Andrews, Theodore M. Brasky, Jian Ting Zhang, Thomas E Rohan, Nazmus Saquib, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Michael Simon, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Robert Wallace, Ikuko Kato
In preclinical studies, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) effectively downregulate FASN enzymatic activity and reduce carcinogensis (22, 23). PPIs are currently FDA approved for the treatment of a variety of acid-related disease of the digestive system and are well- tolerated with minimal adverse effects. To date, studies examining the association of acid suppression with risk of several malignancies have had mixed results (24–26). Here, we sought to specifically evaluate PPIs and the risk of obesity-associated cancers given the relationships between FASN, energy balance, and cancer pathogenesis. There is a critical need to determine whether commonly used, generally safe medications can be repurposed as chemopreventive agents. The Women’s Health Initiative study of postmenopausal U.S. women was therefore utilized to investigate the hypothesis that PPI use is associated with decreased risk of the most common obesity-related cancers in women, including postmenopausal breast cancer, colon cancer, and endometrial cancer.
Association between statins’ exposure with incidence and prognosis of gastric cancer: an updated meta‐analysis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2022
Dandi Lou, Rongrong Fu, Lihu Gu, Hui Su, like Guan
Gastric cancer (GC) was currently the fifth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide [1]. By 2020, there had been over one million new cases of GC, with East Asia having the highest incidence [1,2]. The most predominant cause of GC was reported to be the Helicobacter pylori infection [3]. Therefore, Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy was the most apparent method of GC chemoprevention, but it did not entirely eliminate the risk of GC [4]. Hence, some researchers focused on the chemopreventive effects of other drugs. The current first-line treatment option for resectable GC was gastrectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy [5]. Despite a global trend of increasing survival rates for GC after surgery and chemotherapy, the survival rate for GC, particularly advanced GC, remained relatively low in many countries. Except for Japan and Korea, the overall 5-year relative survival rate in common regions was around 30%, which was yet insufficient [6]. Hence, other methods were still required to prevent the occurrence of GC and improve prognosis.
Appropriate chemopreventive strategy for anti-tubercular therapy related liver injury is unsettled: Results from a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2020
Anupam Kumar Singh, Suhang Verma, Praveen Kumar-M, Hariom Soni, Samvida Sharma, Swati Sharma, Amol Patil, Vishal Sharma
Future trials should attempt to include more diverse populations including also the patients with underlying high risk of ATT-DILI (chronic hepatitis). It is unclear if the chemopreventive drug should be initiated some time prior to starting ATT or concomitant to the ATT. Future trials should include causality assessment with RUCAM scoring so that non-drug-induced causes of liver enzyme derangements are excluded. The studies should be well powered: a study, which uses a drug expected to halve the risk of ATT-DILI will need around 500 patients to be randomized if the baseline risk is estimated to be 15%. The control arm should receive placebo (rather than no intervention) so as to allow masking of participants and outcome assessors (Figure 3). Well powered and robustly designed studies are required to settle the question of benefit of chemoprophylaxis for ATT-DILI.