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Maritime aviation
Published in Nicholas Green, Steven Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, Edward Nicol, Handbook of Aviation and Space Medicine, 2019
Nicholas Green, Steven Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, Edward Nicol
Aviation medicine assets are principal providers of health service support to the ship’s crew and embarked personnel: Medical response to casualties.Aviation medicine physical exams and qualification.Aeromedevac support.
The Twentieth Century
Published in Arturo Castiglioni, A History of Medicine, 2019
aviation medicine. According to Brigadier General E. G. Remartz, who has devoted an interesting study to the evolution of aviation medicine, it appears that the first book containing scientific data on aeronautics was written by an American, Dr. John Jeffries, in 1786, and was presented to the Royal Society in 1785. A Frenchman, Paul Bert (1833–86), published in 1878 an important contribution to aviation medicine. His book, Barometric Pressure, was ignored, however, and appeared in an excellent English translation by Mary Alice and Fred A. Hitchcock (1943), fifty-nine years after the death of the author. Bert was the first to make fundamental research in experimental physiology under the influence of barometric pressure and various phases of anoxemia.
Suicidal pilots in the aviation industry
Published in John A. Liebert, William J. Birnes, Psychiatric Criminology, 2016
John A. Liebert, William J. Birnes
In the military model, MDs are specially trained in unique problems of aviation and are expected to fly with their crews on any type of mission flown, whether high-performance tactical fighter jets, air transports, or long-range bombers. University of Texas has such a postgraduate residency program; so, it is not a wheel that needs reinvention. It would not be difficult to attract doctors to the field of aviation medicine, because so many are attracted to flying and would find it a unique way to get paid for what they love to do—fly.
The effects of emotional trait factors on simulated flight performance under an acute psychological stress situation
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Jing Dai, Hang Wang, Lin Yang, Xinsheng Cao, Chunchen Wang, Zhijun Gao, Wendong Hu, Zhihong Wen
The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal was recorded throughout the entire experiment. A pilots’ physiological parameter detecting device was used for signal acquisition. This device was developed by the Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine in China. It is a chest band structure, composed of elastic bands and electrocardiographic electrodes. It can be closely fitted to the participants’ body to collect ECG signals in real time. In this study, we used the heart rate and heart rate variability to evaluate participants’ acute psychological stress state. Heart rate variability includes the time domain index (root mean square of successive differences [rmssd]) and the frequency domain index (low-frequency power [LF] and high-frequency power [HF]). The rmssd refers to the root mean square value of the difference between normal-to-normal (NN) intervals, in units of milliseconds, reflecting the fast changing components in the heart rate. LF refers to the power in the 0.04–0.15 Hz band and HF refers to the power in the 0.15–0.4 Hz band.
Simulation of the mechanical behavior of osteons using artificial gravity devices in microgravity
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Hao Zhang, Hai-Ying Liu, Chun-Qiu Zhang, Zhen-Zhong Liu, Wei Wang
There is a three-dimensional network throughout osteons that is called the lacunar-canalicular system (LCS). Osteocytes are deeply embedded in the lacunae, on which many synapses pass through the canaliculi to connect with adjacent osteocytes, forming a complex network of osteocytes. Osteocytes regulate bone remodeling by sensing the fluid shear stress (FSS) and other physical information in the LCS caused by external loads, which promotes dynamic regulation of bone mass (Chen and Huo 2017). Although the LCS, the structure of osteocytes and the negative feedback process can prevent unnecessary energy consumption under the reduced load conditions experienced in microgravity, it leads to a large amount of bone loss. During space flight, physical exercise and nutritional supplementation are often used with the aim of reducing bone loss; however, research has found the effect was not significant (Miao et al. 2017). With the increasing distance of human exploration in space, long-term space flight is inevitable. Osteoporosis has become one of the urgent problems in aviation medicine. Artificial gravity (AG) devices aim to simulate Earth-like gravitational acceleration during space flight. As a result, the flow and mechanical properties of the fluid in LCS will return to levels common on the Earth’s surface, thus effectively preventing the loss of bone mass.
Neuropsychologist’s Guide to Aeromedical Examinations in the Military
Published in Military Behavioral Health, 2021
Christopher J. Graver, Patrick Armistead-Jehle, April M. Fritch
In the US Army (USA), doctorate level clinical psychologists attend the Aeromedical Psychology Training Course (APTC), a three-week course that focuses on assessment, aviation psychology, treatment, and the medical waiver and review process. The course trains Department of Defense (DoD) psychologists to conduct aeromedical psychological evaluations, to provide clinical consultation to flight surgeons and commanders on psychiatric risks, human factors affecting performance and aviation safety, and to educate aviation personnel on human factors, stress and fatigue and other safety issues. Students are introduced to basic aviation medicine topics such as aerodynamics, noise, toxic hazards, spatial disorientation, gravitational force and night vision. Outside the classroom, students complete flight simulations, rotary wing (CH-47 and/or UH-60) day and night familiarization flights, NVG familiarization, hypobaric chamber and dunker-HEED training to better appreciate the demands on military aviators. Students must demonstrate understanding of aviation regulations and polices, physiological aspects of flying, psychological issues unique to aviation, and the nuances inherent in the evaluation of psychological issues in the aviation community.