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Social Distancing and Quarantine as COVID-19 Control Remedy
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Adeel Ahmad, Muhammad Hussaan, Fatima Batool, Sahar Mumtaz, Nagina Rehman, Samina Yaqoob, Humaira Kausar
Considering this available evidence, WHO still emphasizes the implementation of droplet and contact precautions with the person having symptoms or taking care of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, WHO still adds in airborne precautions in the infected circumstances in which aerosol-generating procedure and risk assessment was done [67]. These precautionary recommendations were also in accordance with the national and international guidelines of respiratory disorders that are compiled by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine that are also implementing in Canada, the United Kingdom, and Canada (Figure 5.7) [68].
Infection prevention and control
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Airborne infections are transmitted via the inhalation of droplet nuclei, i.e. tuberculosis and measles. Note: Aerosol-generating procedures can be an important route of transmission for some infections that would otherwise be transmitted by direct contact or droplets (e.g. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza during AGPs) (PHE 2016).
Four Cases of Mers-Cov
Published in Meera Chand, John Holton, Case Studies in Infection Control, 2018
Although MERS-CoV RNA can be detected in air samples in camel barns and patient environments, it is unclear whether aerosolized virus is infectious and can lead to secondary infections via the airborne route. However, most public health agencies recommend measures to prevent possible airborne transmission when aerosol-generating procedures are performed, as a precautionary measure. Environmental sampling data from South Korea suggest that MERS-CoV can be detected (detection of viral RNA and potentially infectious virus) on hard surfaces, soft furnishings, medical equipment, air vents, and other objects in the rooms of affected patients. Additionally, virus has been detected in adjoining anterooms. Such environmental contamination appears to occur despite reported daily cleaning of the patient environment.
Diagnosis and treatment of adult asthma patients in Serbia: a 2022 experts group position statement
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2022
Marija Vukoja, Ivan Kopitovic, Zorica Lazic, Branislava Milenkovic, Ivana Stankovic, Vesna Tomic-Spiric, Biljana Zvezdin, Sanja Hromis, Ivan Cekerevac, Aleksandra Ilic, Miodrag Vukcevic, Sanja Dimic-Janjic, Mihailo Stjepanovic
Spirometry should be generally avoided and postponed in case of a pandemic [18]. The restitution of the spirometry service needs to follow the local epidemiological situation. Before performing spirometry, a standardized questionnaire is recommended to evaluate for COVID-19 symptoms, previous exposure, and prior COVID-19 testing. In patients with a COVID-19 infection, spirometry is postponed for a minimum of 30 days post-infection [87]. Tests should always be carried out with a disposable in-line antimicrobial filter, and the staff should wear personal protective equipment (i.e. face shields, gloves, and FFP3/FFP2 masks). More time should be allowed between patients to enable sanitization and adequate room ventilation [87]. As these measures are likely to limit spirometry accessibility, the test should not be performed to monitor but rather to diagnose asthma, and for preoperative evaluation when necessary. Aerosol-generating procedures such as nebulization, BCT, induced sputum, and exercise testing should be avoided [87]. Individual portable flow meters and smartphone-based spirometers may be used for telemonitoring lung function, but the diversity of the devices and the lack of clinical validation need to be taken into account.
Management of inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic
Published in Immunological Medicine, 2022
Endoscopy is indispensable in the management of IBD. Preventing infection involves the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which is an aerosol-generating procedure. Furthermore, treatment of feces and intestinal juice is necessary in lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, even though the procedure does not generate aerosols. In IBD practice, endoscopy is performed for the purpose of diagnosis, evaluation of disease activity, and cancer monitoring. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, routine endoscopy may be delayed for patients in stable condition, to reduce the infection risk to patients and practitioners. It is appropriate to suspend regular endoscopy and surveillance endoscopy. However, endoscopy that is necessary for diagnosis and treatment should be performed, with proper infection prevention measures [9].
Utility of Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) Telephone Screening in Identifying COVID-19 Positive Patients
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2022
Molly McCann-Pineo, Timmy Li, Paul Barbara, Brian Levinsky, James Debono, Jonathan Berkowitz
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) play a critical role during disasters and infectious disease outbreaks, for they often serve as the entryway into the health system. Prehospital responses to the novel coronavirus ‘COVID-19′ pandemic in the US are currently being guided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which issued interim recommendations for EMS systems, and 911 Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) (1). Recommendations have been made for PSAPs to include modified caller queries (MCQ), which are additional questions that determine if a patient has signs/symptoms and risk factors for COVID-19 for advance notice to the responding providers. Pre-arrival information provided to EMS providers can help EMS providers determine what equipment, supplies, and precautions they should take when responding to a call. It is recommended that all providers caring for patients with known or suspected COVID-19 to don gloves, N95 respirators, or face masks when an N95 respirator is not accessible or available, eye protection, and gowns, followed by doffing after the completion of the call (1). Further, the CDC also has recommended that higher levels of PPE should be prioritized for aerosol-generating procedures in the event of supply shortages. Documentation of such use has also been advised in the event contact tracing becomes necessary.