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ExperimentaL Oral Medicine
Published in Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy, Handbook of Experimental Stomatology, 2020
Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy
All rabbits were killed 3 to 7 days following the manipulative and inoculative procedures. The thorax was opened aseptically, the great vessels were clamped, and the heart was surgically opened and examined for vegetations on the endocardium and aortic valve. Vegetations were removed and cultured on blood agar plates. Smears were Gram-stained and the specimens inoculated into thioglycolate broth. Growth was subcultured into blood agar and mitis-salivarius agar and comparisons made with the test organisms colonially, microscopically, and morphologically. Samples of the palate at the injection site and granulations arising from the apexes of the extracted teeth were plated, harvested, homogenized, and serially diluted for quantification of the bacteria in infected extraction sites.
Mycotic Keratitis Caused by Dematiaceous Fungi
Published in Mahendra Rai, Marcelo Luís Occhiutto, Mycotic Keratitis, 2019
Javier Araiza, Andrés Tirado-Sánchez, Alexandro Bonifaz
The routine use of simple or enriched solid media sowing in “C” streaks (only growth in these streaks is considered significant) (Thomas 2003), such as gelose blood, gelose chocolate, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Sabouraud Dextrose agar with chloramphenicol at 28°C, or 30 to 37°C in aerobiosis is effective for culture. It is also advisable to grow dematiaceous fungi in liquid media (broth) with an addition of antibiotics as BHI broth or thioglycolate broth. The identification of the agents can be done by reseeding the agents in media such as oat flour agar, malt agar extract and the Carnation agar, as well as through the observation of development in the culture media and the microscopic observations of the structures obtained in the culture media with cotton blue (Thomas 2003, Ursea et al. 2010, Gajjar et al. 2013, Konidaris et al. 2013, Calvillo-Medina et al. 2018, Mahmoudi et al. 2018).
Host-Parasite Interactions With Macrophages In Culture
Published in Hans H. Gadebusch, Phagocytes and Cellular Immunity, 2020
Lee S. F. Soderberg, Morris Solotorovsky
The various inducing agents used to stimulate exudation of macrophages are the primary source of variations among macrophages from the peritoneal cavity. In order of frequency of use, these are thioglycollate broth, mineral oil, proteose peptone, starch, glycogen, lysolecithin, endotoxin, triolein, and pyran copolymer. Mouse peritoneal cells can be harvested in useful number, 6 to 10 x 106 per mouse, without inducing agent, but in larger animals uninduced peritoneal exudates are disappointingly meager. In recent literature, thioglycollate, used at 1, 3, or 10%, is by far the most commonly used inducing agent for mice but is seldom used in other animals. Thioglycollateinduced macrophages tend to be sticky. For the guinea pig and rabbit, light mineral oil has been chosen most often. Mineral oil, however, must be separated from the aqueous phase of the exudate and the macrophages obtained are morphologically altered and have frequent intracellular oil droplets. Proteose peptone at 1 or 10%, casein at 5%, and starch at 2 to 5% also are frequently used inducing agents. Peptone, casein, and starch cause some morphological changes in macrophages and increase their stickiness. Dosage for the mouse has been 1 to 4ml, but most often 1 or 2 ml, for the rat up to 20 ml, for the guinea pig up to 30 mi, for sheep 250 mi, and for the rabbit up to 500 mi, but 25 to 30 mi is more usual. The period between administering the inducing agent and harvesting exudate cells has varied from 2 to 8 days, with 3 or 4 days most often reported as optimal. In mice, thioglycollate injected 4 days prior to harvest was reported to yield 25 to 30 x 106 exudate cells per mouse consisting of 85 to 88% macrophages, 5% granulocytes, and 10% lymphocytes.33 Proteose peptone in the amount of 1 or 2 mi or 2% starch 3 to 4 days before harvesting was reported to increase the percentage of phagocytes from 50 to 60% to 75 to 85% of the peritoneal exudate cells.33 Edelson et al.34 compared a number of inducing agents for the yield of mouse peritoneal exudate cells. Thioglycollate gave the largest increase in yield of 18.3 x 106 per mouse as compared with 5.7 x 106 for unstimulated exudates. Proteose peptone at 10% concentration yielded 10.6 x 106 macrophage per mouse and 1% concentration yielded 8.6 x 106 cells. Latex beads, agar, and endotoxin gave more modest increases in cell yield. In this study, increases in the pinocytic rate as measured by the uptake of horseradish peroxidase per 100 mg cell protein per hour was closely correlated with increases in cell yield by the various inducing agents. Over 4 days following injection of thioglycollate into mice, the yield of peritoneal exudate cells increased from 10 x 106 per mouse on day 0 to 29 x 106 on day 4.34 During this period the percentage of macrophages in the exudate increased at the expense of neutrophils and large lymphocytes
Thermosensitive gel based on cellulose derivative for topical delivery of propolis in acne treatment
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Fernanda Belincanta Borghi-Pangoni, Jéssica Bassi da Silva, Rafaela Said dos Santos, Ana Paula Trevisan, Francyelle Carolyne de Castro Hott, Marcelly Chue Gonçalves, Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi, Maria Vitória Felipe de Souza, Marcia Edilaine Lopes Consolaro, Lidiane Vizioli de Castro-Hoshino, Mauro Luciano Baesso, Marcos Luciano Bruschi
Time zero is defined as the period of the first contact of the bacteria with the formulation, in which it is observed in the CFU counted based on the recorded time from 10 to 24 h after contact. The treatment with saline (negative control) displayed no bacterial growth. However, when the microorganisms were grown with thioglycolate broth and without treatment, it was observed the bacteria grew normally (positive control). Polox/HPMC did not show a reduction of bacteria indicating that the polymeric platform has no activity against P. acnes. On the other hand, PES displayed an immediate and effective antibacterial activity, agreeing with other investigations (Van Rijt and Sadler 2009; Souza et al. 2018; Nör et al. 2021). Moreover, when the bacterial culture was in contact with the polymeric system Polox/HPMC/PES, a progressive reduction of bacteria was observed within a period of 24 h. This behavior can be related to the slow release of TPC from the polymeric formulation, as observed.
Potential colonization of provox voice prosthesis by Candida spp. with no sign of failure for approximately 10 years exploitation time
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2021
Jakub Spałek, Piotr Deptuła, Bonita Durnaś, Grzegorz Król, Szczepan Kaliniak, Robert Bucki, Sławomir Okła
After removing, patient’s prosthesis was transported in the sterile container with a sterile gauze soaked in saline. In the microbiological laboratory, part of it was immersed in thioglycolate broth and vortexed for 2–3 min. Then, 50 μL of the eluted material was transferred and seeded onto solid culture media (Sabouraud agar with antibiotics, Columbia agar with sheep’s blood, Hemophilus selective agar, Mac Conkey agar – all from Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA,USA) and incubated. The throat swab was transported in the sterile microbial transport medium and then also seeded onto this same type of solid culture media and incubated. After incubation, the predominant bacteria and yeast were identified using routine laboratory procedures: the assessment of the morphology of colonies, Gram staining and the final biochemical identification. For the biochemical identification, the Vitek 2 automated system (bioMerieux) was used.
Parvimonas micra causing native hip joint septic arthritis
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Patrick M. Ryan, Bernard F. Morrey
Our case demonstrates that septic arthritis due to P. micra should be considered in a patient with subacute hip pain. While native joint infections are extremely rare, such cases might be underreported due to historical difficulty in culturing this organism.5 For best results in collecting and identifying anaerobic organisms, the specimen should be obtained from the leading wound edge or from a deep fluid collection after proper local debridement. The specimen should be sent in an anaerobic environment and is commonly cultured on the anaerobic medium thioglycolate broth.8 Two of the previously reported risk factors were present in our patient, notably a history of hematologic malignancy and corticosteroid injection. Other risk factors based on current literature include crystal-induced arthritis, dental infection, concurrent pseudogout, and previous dental infections.5,7,9,10 Further studies, though, are needed to explore the nature of the relationship of such factors and septic arthritis due to this pathogen. Finally, the iliacus and psoas abscesses should not be overlooked, as pyomyositis can present with insidious onset, and uncontrolled pyomyositis can progress with significant morbidity, including septic arthritis.11 A high clinical suspicion for an infectious process with atypical pathogens is necessary when hip pain without evidence of trauma or radiographic abnormalities fails to resolve with conservative measures.