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An Invitation: Acceleration!
Published in Rob Appleby, Graeme Burt, James Clarke, Hywel Owen, The Science and Technology of Particle Accelerators, 2020
Rob Appleby, Graeme Burt, James Clarke, Hywel Owen
From an accelerator point of view the most important secondary particle phenomenon is that of photon production; it's a fundamental behaviour when charges accelerate in electromagnetic fields, and so we discuss it in detail in Chapter 6. We show the basic connection between the bremsstrahlung utilised in radiotherapy and the production of photons via synchrotron radiation. So-called synchrotron light sources are a widespread application of electron accelerators – there are nearly a hundred such facilities around the world now – and they make use of the enormous enhancement of photon production when electrons with a large kinetic energy travel through a specific magnetic field arrangement.
How, and When, to Effect Collaborations
Published in John R. Helliwell, Skills for a Scientific Life, 2016
So where can one learn about particularly successful collaborations, as a model case study for your planned venture into your first, or next, collaboration? I offer as one such the Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science (CXS) in Australia funded by the Australian Research Council and the State Government of Victoria. This was led by Professor Keith Nugent for several years and then by Professor Leann Tilley. I was invited to join their international advisory board and served eight years on that and chaired its science advisory committee [4]. This proved to my mind to be an exemplar of why it was needed and how it was executed by all concerned. The collaboration brought together several vibrant individual research areas into a constructive whole approach with the vision to be ‘the world leader in the development of coherent X-ray diffraction for imaging biological structures’. The researchers were from six academic institutions and one research institution, namely the University of Melbourne, La Trobe University, Monash University, Griffith University, Swinburne University of Technology, and the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. I whole-heartedly agreed with its short summary assessment: CXS brings together leading Australian researchers in the fields of X-ray physics; the design and use of synchrotron radiation sources; and the preparation, manipulation and characterisation of biological samples. Regarded as a world leader in its field, CXS aims to open a new frontier in biotechnology – the non-crystallographic structural determination of membrane proteins. CXS research is driven by its access to existing third-generation synchrotron light sources and to the Australian Synchrotron. We are also exploring the application to imaging problems of short wavelength highharmonic generation sources and X-ray free-electron lasers that are under development worldwide.
Elke Bräuer-Krisch: dedication, creativity and generosity: May 17, 1961–September 10, 2018
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Elke acquired her basic formation as radiation protection engineer in Germany, at the Berufsakademie Karlsruhe (1980–1984). The following decade was devoted to an extensive international professional development, with residencies in: (A) Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France (1984–1986). (B) National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, NY) (1986–1987 and 1993–1994). (C) DESY (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hasylab) in Hamburg, Germany (1987–1988). (D) Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) in Sydney, Australia. (E) European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ERSF) in Grenoble, France (1983–1990), where she moved to a position of safety engineer in 1990. In 1998, Elke joined the Biomedical Beamline at the ESRF. What happened in the years between?
Focus small to find big – the microbeam story
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018
Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), a novel form of spatially fractionated radiotherapy, uses arrays of kilovoltage-energy X-ray microbeams (size approximately 25–50 μm, spaced at 200–400 μm). MRT was developed in a preclinical environment initially at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, USA, and later at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in France and Image and Medical Beamline in Australia. MRT is a promising treatment concept especially for malignant central nervous system tumors. Preliminary experiments using rodents (Bouchet et al. 2014) and piglets (Laissue et al. 2001) showed that small and large animals can tolerate much higher radiation doses delivered by spatially separated microbeams than those delivered by a single and macroscopically wide beam. MRT with high dose and high precision decreased normal tissue toxicity and can potentially improve therapeutic outcome.
Monoclonal antibody higher order structure analysis by high throughput protein conformational array
Published in mAbs, 2018
Yuanli Song, Deqiang Yu, Mukesh Mayani, Nesredin Mussa, Zheng Jian Li
All mAb1-5 were buffer exchanged to phosphate buffer containing 20 mM sodium phosphate, 150 mM sodium chloride, and pH 7.2 using Amicon filters with molecular weight cut-off of 30 kDa following manufacturer's instruction. The synchrotron SAXS data were collected on beam line 16ID (LIX) in National Synchrotron Light Source II at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, New York). Samples were loaded using the homemade automated sampler. Scattering from the IgG protein solutions with the concentration of 1 mg/mL was measured at 4°C in the momentum transfer up to 2.0 Å−1. Momentum transfer is defined as Q = 4π sin(θ)/Λ, where θ is the scattering angle and Λ is the X-ray wavelength (Λ= 1.5 Å). Data analysis was performed using the software suite ATSAS (V2.6). PRIMUS35 was used to generate Guinier plot and Karyt plot. GNOM36 was used to generate pair distance distribution and DAMMIN37 was used to generate 3D models. SUPALM38 was used to fit the homology models of IgGs to their SAXS models. Get Area was used to analyze the solvent accessibility of fragments in Pymol (V1.7, Schrödinger, LLC). JMP (V10) was used to analyze the correlation between solvent accessibility and PCA signal.