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The Genus Blumea
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
The genus Blumea is a rich source of a diverse range of secondary metabolites. Owing to the medicinal importance of various species of this genus, many publications are available on detailed chemical investigation leading to isolation, characterization and evaluation of pharmacological effects of pure secondary metabolites. The major non-volatile constituents isolated from various plant extracts include flavonoids, flavanone, chalcone, steroids, triterpenes, sesquiterpene lactones and steroid glycosides. Owing to extensive pharmacological effects, the plant B. balsamifera has emerged as a center of attraction of the genus Blumea—and the majority of the compounds have been reported from this plant. The compounds have been reported to be isolated by extraction of dried plant material, fractionation of extracts and application of various chromatographic techniques on fractions like column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The structure elucidation of isolated pure compounds has been carried out by infra-red, mass spectroscopic and various nuclear magnetic spectroscopic techniques (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, HMBC, HSQC, and NOESY), and UV spectral analysis. Furthermore, many of the isolated compounds are reported to possess significant biological activities evaluated in vitro and in vivo.
Mathematical Techniques Applied to Clinical Surveillance
Published in John R. Zaleski, Clinical Surveillance, 2020
In studying signal characteristics, it is frequently important to understand whether periodicity or cyclic behavior exists. In signal analysis a measure that identifies dominant and secondary frequencies in stationary signals is achieved using Fourier analysis and, in particular, involves use of the Fourier transform. The Fourier transform maps signal behavior of a time-series from the time domain into the frequency domain. Fourier transforms and methods are also related to spectral analysis methods, such as periodograms. In laymen’s terms, the generalized purpose of these methods is to map the time domain of the signal into frequency space for the purpose of identifying principal and secondary signal frequencies of the time series signal under consideration. Furthermore, the methods employed in spectral analysis provide an indicator of the relative “power” or dominance of a particular frequency or cyclic behavior of the time series under consideration. This is particularly useful when considering the study of the ABP, ECG, respiratory, or other time-varying signals for which periodic behavior carries clinical significance. When artifact (noise) is introduced into time-varying signals, this artifact can interfere or obscure the visibility of periodic behavior and thus result in errors in interpreting the signal characteristics.
Herbal Extracts and Their Bioactivities: Comparative Phytoconstituent Analysis of Selected Medicinal Plants Using GC-MS/FTIR Techniques
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ramasamy Harikrishnan, The Role of Phytoconstitutents in Health Care, 2020
C. Stanley Okereke, O. Uche Arunsi, E. Martina Ilondu, S. Chieme Chukwudoruo
GC-MS and FT-IR are sophisticated techniques used in the determination and characterization of bioactive compounds residents in plants [55]. Some of the bioactive compounds identified in the methanolic leaf extracts of A. conyzoides, C. odorata, and F. exasperate possess many biological properties (Table 2.10) [25]. Eighteen (18) bioactive compounds, including some of those recorded in this study, have been reported in A. conyzoides [36]. The FT-IR spectral analysis is an exquisite technique for the determination of the functional groups presents in medicinal plants [10].
Young and mature leaves of Azadirachta indica (neem) display different antidiabetic and antioxidative effects
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Abubakar Mohammed, Raushan Kumar, Fauzia Ashfaq, Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh, Azza Abd El Hafiz Al Areefy, Mohammad Idreesh Khan, Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
FT-IR spectrum analysis: The FTIR spectrum was used for the identification of the functional groups of the active component in the plant based on the values of the peak in the region of the infrared radiation. The young and matured leaf extract of AI was passed into the FTIR, and the separation of the functional groups of the components was based on the peak ratio. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alkynes, alkyl halides, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, aromatics, nitro compounds and amines Figure 2. The absorption at 3336.27 cm−1 is due to the OH stretching of the normal ‘polymeric’ group that is present in the extract. The band at 2917.43 cm−1 is due to C-H stretching of Methylene; the band at 2849.07 cm−1showed the presence of aliphatic compounds; the band at 1637.13 showed Alkenyl C=C stretch; the band at 1402 cm-1 showed Phenol or tertiary alcohol, OH bend; the band at 1101 cm-1 showed aromatic C-H in-plane bend. The result of the present work revealed the functional constituents that are present in the ethanolic extract of young and matured leaf of AI. Previous work has applied the FTIR spectrum as a handy tool used for differentiating closely related plants and other organisms Martin et al., [39, 4].
Ultrasound centre frequency shifts as a novel approach for diagnosing giant cell arteritis
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2023
M Naumovska, R Sheikh, J Albinsson, B Hammar, U Dahlstrand, M Malmjsö, T Erlöv
In 2016, we presented a new non-invasive ultrasound method based on the centre frequency shift (CFS) of the ultrasound radio frequency data in the examination of the carotid artery (29). CFS could be used to identify lesion components of the plaque contributing to plaque vulnerability and the risk of vascular events such as stroke. Ultrasound CFS uses the fact that different tissue microstructures (primarily the size of the scatterers) affect the centre frequency of the backscattered pulses (30). With knowledge of the transducer and pulse characteristics, the CFS can provide an objective measure of tissue microstructure, free from the interobserver variability that hampers traditional clinical ultrasound imaging. Quantitative spectral analysis of ultrasound data has shown promising results in the characterization of a wide range of tissues, including breast cancer (31). However, these methods require the investigation of a larger area of tissue. The ultrasound CFS method, on the other hand, does not use frequency spectra, enabling the analysis of small tissue samples, such as the temporal artery.
Exhaled metabolic markers and relevant dysregulated pathways of lung cancer: a pilot study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Yingchang Zou, Yanjie Hu, Zaile Jiang, Ying Chen, Yuan Zhou, Zhiyou Wang, Yu Wang, Guobao Jiang, Zhiguang Tan, Fangrong Hu
Sample collection and analysis were performed as previously published [15]. Briefly, to collect breath samples, subjects were asked to breathe tidally into a self-developed collection device with which VOCs in 1000 mL exhaled breath were captured and concentrated into a Tenax TA stainless steel tube (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA). Then, each sampling tube was shipped to laboratory for chemical analysis which was performed on GC-MS (QP2010 Plus, Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) coupled with a thermal desorption (TD) instrument (TurboMatrix 300 TD, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA). Subsequently, spectrum analysis including peak identification and background removal was done. Details of collection, detection and data pre-treatment are illustrated in Supplementary materials (S2). Metabolites which can be annotated to HMDB were then used for following analysis.