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Nanoparticle Synthesis and Administration Routes for Antiviral Uses
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
João Augusto Oshiro-Júnior, Kammila Martins Nicolau Costa, Isadora Frigieri, Bruna Galdorfini Chiari-Andréo
Penciclovir and valacyclovir were also analyzed when incorporated into nanosystems. In this case, solid lipid nanoparticles were used to improve their delivery to the therapeutic target and release profile (Lembo et al. 2018). Coumestrol, an isoflavonoid-like compound that has a capacity to inhibit HSV replication, was dispersed in nanoemulsions and showed promising results in terms of delivery of the compound to the site of action, in addition to an increase in the inhibitory activity of HSV (Cojocaru et al. 2020).
Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Medicine: Trends in Myocardial Infarction Therapy
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Solid lipid nanoparticles combine the advantages of colloidal liposome or nano-emulsion systems with polymeric nanoparticles. Generally, solid lipid nanoparticles have superior biocompatibility and biodegradability; can be synthesised without the use of organic solvents that may otherwise damage payloads; have high physical stability, thereby allowing for ease of sterilisation and storage; can control drug release and targeting; can encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs; and they can be manufactured in large scale. Solid lipid nanoparticles are widely used to improve hydrophobic drug delivery to target cells, either through passive mechanisms dependent on the tissue microenvironment, through active mechanisms promoted by the use of surface modification of solid lipid nanoparticles, or via codelivery mechanisms. A popularised modification of solid lipid nanoparticles is PEGylation to facilitate improved circulation time and reduced immune recognition, often resulting in improved bioactivity of loaded drugs in vivo and improved MI therapy (Zhang et al. 2016; Guo et al. 2019). In addition, PEGylation provides an additional modification site (also known as a PEG linker) to further functionalise the nanoparticles.
Spray Drying and Pharmaceutical Applications
Published in Dilip M. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
Metin Çelik, Pavan Muttil, Gülşilan Binzet, Susan C. Wendell
In another study, solid, lipid nanoparticles were produced using high-pressure homogenization and loaded with a drug, using hot or cold methods for lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs, respectively [112]. Surfactant addition was investigated and stability and entrapment efficiency were evaluated. Long-term sterile storage of these dispersions was difficult and spray drying was investigated as a potential, feasible technique.
Nanocarrier functionalization strategies for targeted drug delivery in skin cancer therapy: current progress and upcoming challenges
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Leonardo Delello Di Filippo, Mariana Carlomagno de Paula, Jonatas Lobato Duarte, Geanne Aparecida de Paula, Isadora Frigieri, Marlus Chorilli
Lipid nanocarriers such as liposomes and nanoemulsions are cost-effective, easy to produce and scale up formulations, that can also be further modified to target cancer cells, specifically through surface modification, and have been shown to improve drug efficacy and reduce toxicity due to increased tumor penetration and local distribution. However, they can be unstable, and drug leakage can occur during storage. Shelf-life may be compromised and storage condition and stability over time are important key factors to be determine during development. In the other hand, modern lipid nanocarriers such as solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers seems to be the most suitable nanosystems to be applied onto the skin, being more stable than conventional colloidal carriers cited earlier, with increased loading capacity and improved stability. However, solid lipid nanoparticles should be properly developed and carefully stored due to instability phenomena related to lipid gelation, recrystallization and drug leakage. This problem is attenuated with nanostructured lipid carriers due to the imperfection formed in the lipid matrix with the addition of a liquid lipid. Overall, lipid nanocarriers present desirable biocompatibility, since they are fabricated using biocompatible lipids, including those present in the human body, such as cholesterol [28,29].
Investigation of dimyristoyl phosphatidyl glycerol and cholesterol based nanocochleates as a potential oral delivery carrier for methotrexate
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2022
Bothiraja Chellampillai, Sneha Kashid, Atmaram Pawar, Ashwin Mali
Liposomes represent poor stability, low drug loading and high production cost. Niosomes have various stability problems such as physical stability of fusion, aggregation, sedimentation and leakage on storage. Further, solid lipid nanoparticles reflect multiple limitations such as low drug loading, poor stability. Microspheres depict different dose-dependent release patterns. Carbon nanotubes are heterogeneous in nature (both diameter and length) with the limitation of consistent reproducibility. A mesoporous nanoparticle shows premature drug leakage resulting in reduced delivery of the actives at the desired site of action. Most of the dendrimers have been associated with reproducibility problems with marked differences in size. Moreover, polymeric micelles are prone to dissociation upon dilution in blood circulation leading to burst release. Considering the limitations of the present delivery system, this juncture needs a new patient-compliant drug delivery system to improve oral therapeutic efficacy and safety of MTX (Abolmaali et al. 2013).
Strategic application of liposomal system to R-α-lipoic acid for the improvement of nutraceutical properties
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Shimul Halder, Yasuhiko Mibe, Shingo Rikimura, Koichi Kuromi, Hideyuki Sato, Satomi Onoue
To estimate the release behaviors of RLA from liposomes in the GI tract, a release test was conducted using an ultracentrifugation membrane under pH 1.2 and 6.8 conditions (Figure 3). Under simulated gastric conditions (Figure 3(A)), RLA showed gradual release and reached a plateau at approximately 50% release, possibly due to the polymerization of RLA under low pH conditions. On the contrary, LIP/RLA exhibited limited release of RLA from the liposomal structure as evidenced by approximately 15% release. As the results of in vitro stability test, RLA might be stably encapsulated into lipophilic liposomal membrane under simulated gastric conditions, resulting in the limited release of RLA and contributing to the protection from an acidic environment. Under a simulated intestinal condition in the presence of lipase (Figure 3(B)), most RLA can be quickly dissolved in RLA even at 15 min owing to the high solubility of RLA in neutral and basic conditions. In LIP/RLA, the rapid and higher release of RLA was observed compared with the acidic condition. For the drug release from lipid-based carriers like liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles, lipolysis of the lipid carriers has a significant influence on the release behavior of included drugs [26]. Thus, in the presence of lipase, LIP/RLA could achieve a relatively rapid release of RLA. Considering these release behaviors under simulated GI conditions, LIP/RLA would protect included RLA from the harsh acidic environment and release at intestinal conditions, contributing to improved oral absorbability of RLA.