China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Lauren E. Corona, Kate H. Kraft
In addition to a pediatric major surgery tray, fine forceps, magnifying loupes, 3.5 Fr and 5 Fr feeding tubes, fine dissection scissors, needlepoint electrocautery, and 3/0 to 7/0 synthetic or biologic absorbable suture with atraumatic needles should be available. While the choice of suture varies greatly among surgeons, permanent synthetic or biologic sutures (e.g. silk or Ethibond™ polyester suture; Ethicon Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) should not be used because they can become nidi of infection and stone formation.
Polymer Materials for Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Iriczalli Cruz Maya, Vincenzo Guarino
Silk fibroin is a natural fiber protein that has gained attention for biomedical applications requiring an improvement of mechanical properties (i.e., flexibility and high tensile strength). Silk fibers extracted from domesticated silkworm Bombix mori (B. mori) are the best characterized. The amino acid composition of silk consists of glycine, alanine, serine (Vepari and Kaplan 2007; Ma et al. 2018). Silk is composed of a filament core coated with sericin, a hydrophilic protein. Sericin is degummed during the silk purification process leaving the core fibers corresponding to silk. For tissue engineering applications, silk fibroin has shown to have better mechanical properties than other natural polymers, excellent biocompatibility and its degradation products are non-toxic (Bai et al. 2015).
Microsurgery in Ophthalmology
Published in Waldemar L. Olszewski, CRC Handbook of Microsurgery, 2019
The depth of the sutures — This depends partly on the sutures used. When monofilament 10/0 nylon is used, it can be placed to almost full depth. Silk sutures, on the other hand, should not be placed too deep as complications can develop if they are placed through the full thickness of the wound.
Experience with revision craniovertebral decompression in adult patients with Chiari malformation type 1, with or without syringomyelia
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2022
Adikarige Silva, Gopiga Thanabalasundaram, Ben Wilkinson, Georgios Tsermoulas, Graham Flint
Under magnification, the cerebellar tonsils are routinely reduced with bipolar coagulation. If judged to be necessary, in order to open Magendie, the tonsillar residues are also hitched superiorly and laterally, using fine silk sutures (usually one each side), passing from the tonsillar pia to the adjacent, cut dural edge. The use of silk sutures in this setting is owing to surgeon preference although an alternative fine non-absorbable suture can also suffice. Any arachnoid adhesions or webs, such as are sometimes encountered underneath the tonsils, are divided. The overall aim of these manoeuvres is to create an artificial cisterna magna, into which the 4th ventricle opens directly and which itself communicates freely with the basal cisterns and spinal subarachnoid channels. Duraplasty is not performed. Nor is any cranioplasty attempted. Wound closure consists of apposition of nuchal muscles in two layers, followed by fascia, fat and skin.
Implantation of nanofibrous silk scaffolds seeded with bone marrow stromal cells promotes spinal cord regeneration (6686 words)
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Xin-Hong Wang, Xiao-Chen Tang, Xia Li, Jian-Zhong Qin, Wen-Tao Zhong, Peng Wu, Feng Zhang, Yi-Xin Shen, Ting-Ting Dai
Silk fibroin is a degradable natural material that is safe, non-toxic with controllable degradation in vivo with excellent mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. The silk-based materials used in the present study have unique mechanical properties [35]. In previous studies, we have shown that SF scaffolds exhibit good biocompatibility towards nerve cells, supporting cell adhesion, growth, proliferation, and differentiation [35,44]. In particular, the structure of SF nanofibers provides the capability to guide the direction of olfactory ensheathed cell migration, significantly increasing the speed and distance of travel, and supporting the expression of characteristic factors and proteins, including nerve growth factor receptor p75 and glial fibrillary acidic protein [45]. Therefore, the nanofibrous structure of an SF scaffold can be designed for enhanced biocompatibility in neural applications [46,47]. In the current study, an SF scaffold with a 3 D porous and nanofibrous structure was designed for superior cell adhesion and proliferation to allow implanted cell-seeded scaffolds to promote SCI repair [6].
Hydroxyapatite as a biomaterial – a gift that keeps on giving
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Behrad Ghiasi, Yahya Sefidbakht, Sina Mozaffari-Jovin, Behnaz Gharehcheloo, Mehrnoush Mehrarya, Arash Khodadadi, Maryam Rezaei, Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat, Vuk Uskoković
The outstanding features of silk polymers, for example, including elasticity, flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, make them suitable for medical applications when used in combination with HA. The incorporation of HA into silk polymers has the potential to compensate for the deficiencies of silk and HA alone, such as low osteogenic capacity of silk and low toughness and malleability of HA [69,70]. Furthermore, this type of composite material exhibited a higher cell adhesion propensity and osteogenic differentiation capacity compared to its individual components [76,77]. Electrospinning of ε-polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers reinforced with HA nanoparticles also proved as a convenient method for the fabrication of porous constructs that facilitate the adhesion and proliferation of human fibroblasts, while exhibiting dozens of times higher values of tensile strength, fracture toughness and elastic modulus compared to HA-free PVA scaffolds [78].