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Marine Chondroitin Sulfate and Its Potential Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Chondroitin sulfate has been extracted from various tissues of diamond squid (Thysanoteuthis rhombus). The non-edible skin, head and eyes of diamond squid can be used as an alternative source of chondroitin sulfate with the appropriate sulfate concentration. Approximately 14 kg of diamond squid having 380 g skin, 780 g head and 290 g eyes (wet weight) obtained 238, 386 and 47 mg of pure chondroitin sulfate from these tissues, respectively (Tamura et al., 2009).
Magnetoencephalography
Published in Andrei I. Holodny, Functional Neuroimaging, 2019
Timothy P.L. Roberts, Christopher Edgar, Erin Simon Schwartz
MEG sensors detect the neuromagnetic fields produced by current flow within neurons. Specifically, the neuromagnetic signals induce an electric current within the wire loops of a detection coil. The detection coil is coupled to a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), which produces a voltage output proportional to the current flowing in the input coil. To detect the weak magnetic fields generated by neural activity (10 fT-1 pT), detection coils and sensors are maintained at superconducting temperatures, accomplished by bathing the sensors in liquid helium, contained within a cryogenically insulated dewar (Fig. 1). Thus, unlike EEG, MEG sensors are located at a distance from the patient’s head. Because the MEG sensors are sensitive to any magnetic activity, MEG recordings are performed in a room with walls made of materials of high magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity to shield the sensors from external magnetic fields (e.g., power lines, computers, moving metal carts).
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Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Young, John Zachary (b.1907) English zoologist appointed as the first non-medical anatomy professor in Britain, at University College, London in 1945. He was born in Bristol and studied zoology at Oxford and Naples. He studied the large nerve fiber of the squid which proved useful in neurophysiology research.
New insights into MagPI: a promising tool to determine the adhesive capacity of biofilm on the mesoscale
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Sabine Ulrike Gerbersdorf, Silke Wieprecht, Moritz Thom, David M. Paterson, Marc Scheffler
The ferromagnetic particles consist of a maghaematite core and a fluorescent coating for better visibility (Partrac, Glasgow, UK). When measuring in the initial stages of biofilm growth, some spots might still be devoid of biofilm and expose the bare substratum (e.g. inert glass beads or sediment particles). Hence, single ferromagnetic particles might sometimes be physically trapped within the substratum which in turn results in a significant overestimation of adhesiveness. Therefore, the ideal size of the substratum as well as of the ferromagnetic particles has been identified early on within the range of 100–200 μm (glass beads) and 180–250 μm (ferromagnetic particles), respectively (Larson et al. 2009). Currently, however, the ferromagnetic particles are sieved to a size class between 200–350 μm. To determine their magnetic features with the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID, see below), the particles were additionally sieved into the following size classes: (A) 200–250 μm, (B) 250–315 μm, (C) > 315 μm. From each of these fractions, 10 particles of similar form (divided into ‘round’ and ‘angular’) were selected under the light microscope, weighed with a high precision balance (Sartorius Supermicro S4 D = 0.0001 mg) and their area, volume and density was calculated.
Biosynthesis of pure hematite phase magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using floral extracts of Callistemon viminalis (bottlebrush): their physical properties and novel biological applications
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Dilawar Hassan, Ali Talha Khalil, Jabran Saleem, Abdullah Diallo, Saleh Khamlich, Zabta Khan Shinwari, Malik Maaza
Hematite phase IONPs were synthesized using floral extracts of C. viminalis and characterized using diverse techniques like XRD, HR-SEM, HR-TEM, SAED, EDS and FTIR. Effect of the annealing temperature was studied on the physical properties. Magnetization curves were measured SQUID and the results indicated the magnetic nature of IONPs. The magnetization was enhanced with the increase in the annealing temperatures. Biogenic IONPs demonstrated impressive biological activities in vitro. Significant anticancer, antileishmanial and antibacterial activities are reported. Moderate enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities can be concluded. We further conclude a biocompatible nature of biogenic IONPs to erythrocytes.
Complete embolization of jugular paragangliomas by direct puncture. Technical note
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Oriela Rustemi, Fabio Raneri, Lorenzo Volpin, Giuseppe Iannucci
The embolization procedure was performed under general anesthesia. The patient was in supine position. The head was maintained neutral, slightly extended. A 5F Envoy catheter was positioned, and the terminal portion of the bilateral afferent arteries to the lesion from VAs bilaterally were embolized with particles intra-arterially. Initial injection of the external carotid artery visualized the blush of the tumor. Both anterior-posterior and lateral-lateral projections were used as road map for needle insertion. An 18-gauge needle was positioned in the center of the tumor by direct puncture, through a left retro-auricular access. The needle puncture was perpendicular to the entry point and then directed upward to the skull base. The Squid embolic agent was connected to the needle through a 10-centimeter connecting tube. The needle position was confirmed by angiographic control through injection of the external carotid artery and by the blush obtained after direct contrast medium injection through the needle inserted in the lesion. The lesion was incompletely filled with 30 cc of Squid 18, as confirmed by angiography and head CT. The post-procedural course was uneventful. After 2 months, a second endovascular procedure was performed by direct puncture of the lesion (Figure 2(D)) and direct injection of 4 cc Squid 18 and 6 cc Squid 12 (Figure 2(E)). The lesion was completely excluded as confirmed by angiography (Figure 2(F)) and head CT (Figure 2(G)). The cranial nerve deficits improved. Post-procedural contrast enhanced MRI confirmed the complete exclusion and the embolic agent remained within the tumor without entering the subarachnoid or dural space (Figure 2(H)). At last follow-up at 15 months, the radiological result remained stable.