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Burns
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Pseudoeschar may form in deeper burns after the use of topical antimicrobials, which react with the wound exudate; this includes silver sulphadazine (SSD; some suggest that it is due to the polypropylene glycol carrier) and flammacerium (SSD plus cerium nitrate, a more leathery dry pseudoeschar). It can lead to confusion over the depth of the burns in inexperienced hands.
Case 1.5
Published in Monica Fawzy, Plastic Surgery Vivas for the FRCS(Plast), 2023
Tell me about burns dressings in generalThe ideal burn wound dressing, were it to exist, would fulfil the requirements of:protection against trauma and infection,reduction in heat and water loss,the absorption of wound exudate, andprovision of pain relief.There is no level I evidence to show that a any particular dressing is associated with improved wound healing or a lower rate of infection.For small superficial burns, a dressing to encourage re-epithelialization is all that is required, such as the use of Mepitel with an overlying occlusive dressing to maintain a moist environment and prevent adherence to the wound. Confluent burns may be aided by Biobrane.For deeper burns or even very large superficial burns, then antimicrobial dressings are useful to attempt to prevent colonization. These are most commonly silver-based, or mafenide acetate is an alternative.Silver-based dressings such as Acticoat and silver sulphadiazine are popular as they have a relatively broad spectrum of cover, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as Candida.Acticoat is easy to apply and remove, with different types that can be left in situ for up to 7 days, but requires activation with sterile water before application.I am mindful of the fact that Flamazine and Flamacerium can make the assessment of burns more difficult, due to a pseudo-eschar (caused by the reaction of the polypropylene glycol carrier with the wound exudate). But this, in the right patient, can be useful as it is soothing, and can make dressings easier.However, they are contraindicated in pregnant and breastfeeding women as well as infants less than 2 months old, due to the risk of kernicterus.Mafenide is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that also has a broad cover – especially Pseudomonas and Clostridium. In addition, it can penetrate a burn eschar.However, it prevents the conversion of hydrogen ions to carbonic acid, leading to a metabolic acidosis if used continuously on extensive burns.
Exploration of the inhibition action of TPGS on tumor cells and its combined use with chemotherapy drugs
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Lan Tang, Kaijuan Huang, Wenhui Jiang, Lulu Fu, Ran Zhang, Liting Shen, Zhimin Ou, Ye Huang, Zhenhai Zhang
TPGS was purchased from Haimen Huiju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Haimen, China). DOX was purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotech Co., Ltd (Dalian, China). Abraxane® was purchased from Shiyao Group Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Shijiazhuang, China). Chlorpromazine hydrochloride and verapamil were purchased from Aladdin Scientific Inc. (Shanghai, China). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 (RPMI-1640), trypsin, and penicillin-streptomycin solution were purchased from Jinuo Biotech Co., Ltd (Hangzhou, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). A cytochrome C primary antibody was purchased from ABclonal Technology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China). A β-actin antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Co., Ltd (USA). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were obtained from Guge Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Wuhan, China). Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol 407 (PL407) and polyethylene-polypropylene glycol 188 (PL188) were purchased from BASF Co., Ltd (Germany). All other reagents and chemicals were analytical grade.
Development of topical thymoquinone loaded polymer–lipid hybrid vesicular gel: in-vitro and ex-vivo evaluation
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2022
Sagar Trivedi, Kamlesh Wadher, Milind Umekar
Deformability is the unique property of the TH PLH Vesicles. Formulations are permeated through stratum corneum skin pores significantly and act as permeability shunt. Moreover, these pores locally lower the skin permeability barrier. It is noteworthy that these pores act as major sites for ultra-deformable bodies to be squeezed across the skin under the effect of transepidermal water gradient as a driving force. The flexibility of the TH PLH Vesicles membrane and stress-dependent adaptability are the two potential features of the TH PLH vesicles as compared to conventional liposomes and other types of drug-loaded lipid suspensions. Therefore, the percent elasticity of PLH vesicles formulation was performed and was compared with conventional liposomes. A 10-fold increase in percent elasticity of PLH Vesicles in comparison to conventional liposomes was observed. Percentage elasticity of polymer–lipid hybrid vesicle was found to be 20.2% and similarly, conventional liposomes were having lesser elasticity 1.23%. The elasticity was somewhat improved by the addition of ethanol (25% v/v) into the formulation. The effect of surfactants on the fluidity of the TH PLH Vesicles can be explained, which would be considered as a major factor for squeezing through pores of the skin. Chemically, copolymer consisting of a central hydrophobic block of polypropylene glycol flanked by two hydrophilic blocks of polyethylene glycol (PEG) make it possible (Hussain et al.2016).
Folic acid-hydrophilic polymer coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles target doxorubicin delivery
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2021
Afaf H. Al-Nadaf, Lina A. Dahabiyeh, Sajidah Jawarneh, Sanaa Bardaweel, Nouf N. Mahmoud
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancer agent that has been used for the treatment of various malignancies such as metastatic breast cancer, lymphomas, sarcomas, and other neoplasms. However, adverse effects of DOX such as cardiac toxicity, heart failure, and severe toxicity that can be fatal are still considered the major obstacle in its clinical usage (Injac and Strukelj 2008). Polypropylene glycol (PPG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), have been extensively utilized as an outer shell wrap for NPs as they exhibit low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity (Zhang et al. 2008; Nanjing et al. 2012; Ocal et al. 2014; Masood 2016). PEG and PPG are also considered non-toxic and have long-time blood circulation, protection against protein adsorption and immune recognition. PEG and PPG long-chain polymers can form shield effects by covering the ordered mesoporous surface, subsequently, retard the absorption of the MSNs by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and prolong circulation time in vivo as well as achieve prolonged sustained release effect (He and Shi 2011;wang et al. 2016). Additionally, PEG coating is considered as an attractive approach to increase colloidal stability and reduce the non-specific binding and the immunogenicity of NPs (Graf et al. 2012).