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Nanomaterials in Chemotherapy
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
P. K. Hashim, Anjaneyulu Dirisala
In degradation (erosion)-controlled release, a biodegradable polymeric matrix/scaffold is spontaneously degraded in the biological environment releasing the non-covalently incorporated drugs. Biodegradable DDSs are advantageous for practical applications as the carrier component that can be completely cleared from the body leading to negligible chronic toxicity. The degradation process occurs either from the exterior surface (surface degradation) or throughout the whole polymeric matrix/scaffold (bulk degradation), and the rate of drug release is regulated by the rate of degradation. When the rate of water diffusion into the polymer bulk is slower, surface degradation occurs while the faster water diffusion causes bulk degradation (Figure 8.5E). Polyanhydrides and poly(orthoesters)-based DDSs are known to release drugs via surface degradation. DDSs with polymeric matrices based on PLGA, poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid), and polycaprolactone are more prone to undergo bulk degradation (Figure 8.5F).
Adapting Injection Techniques to Different Filling Materials
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Nicholas Moellhoff
Injectable polycaprolactone (PCL) was approved in 2009 in Europe and 2013 in South Korea and Australia. Because of its collagen stimulating potency, it is often marketed as the next generation of injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA); however, the format of filling material, working mechanism, and injection techniques of PCL are all very different from those for PLLA.
Nanoparticle-Stabilized Liposomes as an Effective Bio-Active Drug Molecule Delivery for Acne Treatment
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Catherine Wilkinson, Marco N. De Canha, Namrita Lall
Polycaprolactone (PCL)-based NPs can improve drug retention in the stratum corneum and epidermis, thereby preventing it from infiltrating other tissues and organs. PCL has applications in wound healing and acne treatment due to its high biocompatibility, flexible mechanical properties, microbial inhibition, inflammatory prevention and lack of immunogenicity (Caon et al., 2017). Liposomes are one of the best drug delivery forms for hair follicle–associated conditions. They are well-suited for the treatment of acne due to their additional therapeutic benefits such as moisturizing and wound healing, and are able to permeate the skin more effectively. This enhances the accumulation of drug molecules and improves the overall therapeutic activity (Carneiro et al., 2010; Rahman et al., 2016).
Bone regeneration in rat using polycaprolactone/gelatin/epinephrine scaffold
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Arian Ehterami, Hossein Khastar, Mostafa Soleimannejad, Majid Salehi, Simin Nazarnezhad, Jila Majidi Ghatar, Arindam Bit, Moslem Jafarisani, Ghasem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi, Nabi Shariatifar
Polycaprolactone is widely used in biomedical applications because of its resorption and its potential to combine with other polymers [38]. Different methods are used to fabricate scaffolds with PCL but the main problem is its slow degradation rate [39,40]. To solve this problem, we used GNF to not only improve degradation but also enhance wettability to increase cell attachment [41]. Moreover, gelatin makes a similar structure to the trabecular bone and enhances angiogenesis and pre-osteoblast cell differentiation by stimulating host cellular response [42–44]. Ren et al. used electrospun PCL/gelatin composite nanofiber structures for guided bone regeneration [18]. Based on in vitro osteogenesis characterizations, alizarin red in normal medium and osteogenesis medium, they concluded that the nanofibers could promote bone formation.
Drug eluting implants in pharmaceutical development and clinical practice
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Ashley R. Johnson, Seth P. Forster, David White, Graciela Terife, Michael Lowinger, Ryan S. Teller, Stephanie E. Barrett
Poly(caprolactone) (PCL) is an attractive alternative [62] because its low melting point can prevent degradation of thermally labile drugs during melt extrusion. Poly(caprolactone) is a flexible polymer that degrades over years in preclinical models. It has been investigated since the 1970s and has wide precedence of use in medical devices. The degradation rate of PCL is slower than other biodegrable polymers like PLGA, which may have limited its use previously. Of note, the only poly(caprolactone) implant tested in clinical trials is Capronor®, a levonorgestrel containing reservoir implant with a poly(caprolactone) sheath. This drug eluting implant was developed by the Research Triangle Institute as a potential biodegradable alternative to existing non-degradable contraceptive implants; studies were discontinued after a successful phase II clinical trial [72]. This system was fabricated by solvent casting poly(caprolactone) films, heat sealing to form an open tube, and then filling the tube with an ethyl oleate- levonorgestrel suspension [72].
Thymoquinone-entrapped chitosan-modified nanoparticles: formulation optimization to preclinical bioavailability assessments
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Iqra Rahat, Syed Sarim Imam, Md. Rizwanullah, Sultan Alshehri, Mohammad Asif, Chandra Kala, Mohamad Taleuzzaman
Polycaprolactone (PL), a US-FDA approved, biodegradable and biocompatible synthetic polymer, is a widely used biomaterial for the delivery of a variety of drugs to achieve excellent therapeutic potential. PL-based NPs offer the ability of sustained drug release, protect the encapsulated drugs from different physiological barriers, and reduced dose-related side effects (Guarino et al., 2017; Shahab et al., 2020). PL produces spherical NPs and a negative charge on the surface of the NP, which provides stability to the NPs from the hostile pH of the biological system (Manjili et al., 2018). However, oral delivery of drugs through PL NPs is still challenging due to the lack of mucoadhesive property to the GI mucosa that also has a negative charge. Therefore, the coating of NPs can be done to impart a positive charge on their surface to improve mucoadhesion thereby absorption of encapsulated drugs.