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Hydrogels with Ubiquitous Roles in Biomedicine and Tissue Regeneration
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Priyanka, Pooja A Chawla, Aakriti, Viney Chawla, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Bharti Sapra
Tendon-related diseases or injuries are very common worldwide, which include processes such as tendon suturing and reattaching, tendon transplantation of healthy tissue to a distorted, and lost or malfunctioning part of the tendon. Pluronic is a thermosensitive synthetic polymer, which can be injected in vivo to fill a tissue defect and undergoes gelation at body temperature with minimum invasion. Multilayered scaffolds have also been used for tendon TE, which are based on electrospun substrates coated with cell-laden hydrogel layers (Rinoldi et al., 2019).
Drug Delivery
Published in David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Ian F. Pollack, Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood, 2020
Gudrun Fleischhack, Martin Garnett, Kévin Beccaria
Pharmacological approaches consist of chemically modifying a molecule to enable it to spontaneously cross the BBB. This capacity to cross the BBB particularly depends on low molecular size (<400–600 Da), lipophilicity, low number of hydrogen bonds, and lack of ionization. The main limitation of the technique is that chemical modification of molecules may result in a loss of their CNS activity, and expose them to a higher activity of efflux pump P-gps.219 Lipidization is one strategy that allows increasing BBB permeability to a drug. It involves O-methylation/O-acetylation, conjugation to amantadine and adamantine derivatives, and formation of fatty acid or cholesterol esters.220 Another strategy consists of incorporating low-molecular-weight drugs into pluronic micelles, thus increasing drug solubility and drug stability, and then improving drug delivery to the CNS.221
Improved Silymarin Characteristics for Clinical Applications by Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Maryam Tabarzad, Fatemeh Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh, Tahereh Hosseinabadi
Silymarin as a prospective treatment in atopic dermatitis (AD) has a limitation that the percutaneous absorption of silymarin has been hindered due to the poor water solubility and permeability. Silymarin pluronic-lecithin organogel (PLO) topical formulation was developed for skin delivery. Different pluronic to lecithin ratios utilizing ethyl alcohol and dimethyl sulfoxide as two cosolvent combination were considered. Considering the optimal characteristics like pH, drug content, viscosity, and acceptable in vitro permeation of silymarin, 20% pluronic and 3% lecithin formulation was introduced as the most appropriate base. The clinical study on 15 patients brought the conclusion to this study that PLO formulation of silymarin could relieve inflammatory symptoms of AD including inflammation, swelling, and redness due to the high penetrating capacity and hydration effect of the base (Mady et al., 2016).
Pharmaceutical strategies for preventing toxicity and promoting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of bilirubin
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Alessio Nocentini, Alessandro Bonardi, Simone Pratesi, Paola Gratteri, Carlo Dani, Claudiu T. Supuran
Again in 2017, Fullagar et al. proposed the encapsulation of bilirubin in pluronic 127–chitosan nanoparticle (nBR) to improve uptake by murine pancreatic islet cells and improve their resistance to hypoxic stress112. Pluronics are amphiphilic, triblock copolymers that form micelles in an oil-in-water emulsion, and pluronic F127 has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a pharmaceutical ingredient. Pluronic F127–chitosan polymeric NPs demonstrated to be highly stable and effective in the delivery of BR, whose uptake was evaluated in INS-R3 cells and resulted to be improved via endocytosis. nBR resulted in preservation of normal islet architecture, prevention of central necrosis, and improved islet function. Nonetheless, cytotoxicity was detected at high doses which is speculated to be a result of the additive toxicity of BR and the NP themselves.
Pinocembrin polymeric micellar drug delivery system: preparation, characterisation and anti-hyperuricemic activity evaluation
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Wanjing Rong, Xinyi Shen, Michael Adu-Frimpong, Qing He, Jian Zhang, Xiaoxiao Li, Xiaoli Xia, Feng Shi, Xia Cao, Hao Ji, Elmurat Toreniyazov, Qilong Wang, Jiangnan Yu, Ximing Xu
Pluronic is a triblock copolymer of polyoxyethylene (PEO) and polypropylene (PPO), which is a new type of non-ionic surfactant and amphiphilic polymer. In the molecular structure (Figure 1B), PEO is the hydrophilic end, while PPO is the hydrophobic end, wherein its terminal hydroxyl group is an active group, which can chemically bond with drugs or polymeric materials to target slow release of incorporated drug (Kulthe et al. 2011). One of the derivatives is polyethene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethene oxide triblock copolymers (P123, PEO20-PPO65-PEO20). When it was used as a carrier for curcumin, it significantly increased the anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects of the drug in the body (Gorinova et al. 2016). Another significant pluronic derivative (F127, PEO100-PPO69-PEO100) has a long-chain of hydrophilic polyethene oxide, which could be used as a carrier for syringic acid to treat liver damage (Sun et al. 2020). Also, our team prepared paclitaxel (PTX) loaded P123/F127 polymeric micelles (PF-PTX), which showed higher bioavailability and longer retention time in blood circulation (Wei et al. 2010). In conclusion, the polymeric micelles that were prepared with pluronic could improve the nature of the drugs, which significantly increased the retention rate of insoluble drugs in the blood circulation and bioavailability.
Bisphosphonate-functionalized micelles for targeted delivery of curcumin to metastatic bone cancer
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Sumedh Kamble, Pegah Varamini, Markus Müllner, Théophile Pelras, Ramin Rohanizadeh
Micelles fabricated using Pluronic F127 copolymer conjugated to alendronate were tested in this study as a vehicle for targeted delivery of curcumin to the bones, which could be potentially used for the treatment of metastatic bone cancer. A micellar formulation of curcumin could overcome the associated limitations of curcumin in medical applications, such as low water solubility, thereby low bioavailability, rapid clearance from the body, metabolization and degradation. We conjugated alendronate to micelles to increase the accumulation of curcumin nanoparticles in the bones. The successful application and biocompatibility of Pluronic polymer in different drug delivery systems have been previously studied and reported (Kabanov et al. 2002; Chen et al. 2015; Gioffredi et al. 2016). Pluronic F127 is a terblock copolymer that has drawn recent attention due to its biocompatibility and capacity to be conjugated to a variety of drugs or proteins. In aqueous solutions, Pluronic can form micelles of sizes that can be tuned depending on the polymer concentration. The hydrophobic core of these micelles can carry and hold a significant payload of water-insoluble agents like curcumin and release them in a controlled manner as a function of polymer concertation and particle size (Lee et al. 2015). Moreover, micellar formulation protects drugs against degradation, preventing the reduction of therapeutic effects of drugs by high metabolic activities and/or degradation (Lee et al. 2015).