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Sexual offending in people with learning disabilities
Published in Tim Riding, Caron Swann, Bob Swann, Colin Dale, The Handbook of Forensic Learning Disabilities, 2021
If it is difficult to assess ‘external’ variables such as behavioural patterns, then it is eminently more difficult to determine the ‘internal’ processes that underpin them. Nonetheless, a range of techniques has evolved. Sexual interest and arousal have historically been the subject of investigation.10,39 Phallometry, or penile plethysmography (PPG), is still regarded as the only valid, although not infallible, method of establishing an individual’s pattern of sexual arousal.54 However, there are ethical and methodological difficulties in its application to sexual offenders with learning disabilities. Murphy et al. suggest that people with learning disabilities may be unable to discriminate between the types of visual stimuli presented during PPG, and that commonly prescribed psychotropic medication may mask underlying sexual arousal.10 Ethical concerns about the use of PPG with learning-disabled sexual offenders have also been raised, although occasional reports still appear.55
Reflections on the Relation Between Sex-Typed Behavior in Childhood and Sexual Orientation in Adulthood
Published in Robin M. Mathy, Jack Drescher, Childhood Gender Nonconformity and the Development of Adult Homosexuality, 2020
The term sexual orientation is defined by a person’s relative responsiveness to sexual stimuli. The most salient dimension of sexual orientation is probably the sex of the person to whom one is attracted sexually. This stimulus class is obviously how one defines a person’s sexual orientation as heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual. In contemporary sexological research, sexual orientation is often assessed by psychophysiological techniques, such as penile plethysmography and vaginal photoplethysmography (Chivers et al., 2004; Rosen and Beck, 1988), although structured interview assessments or self-report questionnaires have become increasingly common, particularly when respondents do not have a compelling reason to conceal their sexual orientation.
Topic 12 Forensic Psychiatry
Published in Melvyn W.B. Zhang, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho, Basant K. Puri, Get Through, 2016
Melvyn W.B. Zhang, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho, Basant K. Puri
Treatment options for antisocial sexual behaviour: In a critical review of the existing literature, it has been concluded that treatment programs have been effective with paedophiles.In examining the value of the various treatment approaches, they concluded that comprehensive CBTs were most likely to be effective. There was also a clear value in the use of anti-androgens in those offenders who engage in excessively high rates of sexual activity.More information about the ‘Sex offender treatment program (SOTP)’: It aims at increasing the responsibility and motivation of the sexual offender to change. SOTP involves anger management, CBT, relationship skill training, relapse prevention, sex education, social skill training, stress management and thinking skill program. Sex offenders are encouraged to develop victim empathy by understanding the consequences of their actions and minimize denials. Behaviour treatments include aversion, sensitization and biofeedback with penile plethysmography that measures the penile blood flow with thoughts of illegal sexual practices.
The Impacts of Sexual Arousal and Its Suppression on Executive Functioning
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2019
Yana Suchy, Laura G. Holmes, Donald S. Strassberg, Austin A. Gillespie, A. Renee Nilssen, Madison A. Niermeyer, Bryce A. Huntbach
In sum, the literature shows that (a) certain self-regulatory demands (e.g., expressive suppression) deplete or otherwise degrade EF, exclusive of other neurocognitive domains; (b) EF depletion or decrements in turn lead to self-regulatory failures; and (c) such self-regulatory failures include inappropriate or unsafe sexual practices. However, research thus far has not examined whether suppression of sexual arousal would lead to a depletion effect similar to that of suppressing other reflexive, emotionally-drive expressions. This question is important, as it might shed some light on why sexually charged situations sometimes lead to failures in self-regulation (Ariely & Loewenstein, 2006; Imhoff & Schmidt, 2014), which in turn could lead to either unsafe sexual practices or to sexual assaults. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test whether suppression of sexual arousal would result in decrements in performance on measures of EF. To that end, male college students were presented with sexually evocative audiovisual material after being randomly assigned to experimental (i.e., suppression of sexual arousal) versus control (i.e., free sexual arousal) groups. Executive functioning and lower-order cognitive processes were assessed both before and after exposure to the sexually evocative stimuli. The validity of the arousal manipulation was evaluated using penile plethysmography (PPG).
The pharmacologic treatment of problematic sexual interests, paraphilic disorders, and sexual preoccupation in adult men who have committed a sexual offence
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2019
Belinda Winder, J. Paul Fedoroff, Don Grubin, Kateřina Klapilová, Maxim Kamenskov, Douglas Tucker, Irina A. Basinskaya, Georgy E. Vvedensky
The WFSBP guidelines are generally followed in the Czech Republic (CR), although Czech sexologists strictly differentiate between paraphilic and non-paraphilic service users. This diagnosis is established based on sexological, psychiatric, and psychological assessments including penile plethysmography. In agreement with the WFSBP, paraphilic orientation is considered to be stable and life-long, resulting from congenital or early developmental conditions. The goals of treatment include reduction of sexual drive using anti-androgens or GnRH agonists as appropriate, as well as fostering alternative ways to meet sexual needs using socially acceptable forms of sexual behaviour. Voluntary surgical castration may be offered to patients under strictly controlled conditions (Weiss, 2017).
Patterns of Genital and Subjective Sexual Arousal in Cisgender Asexual Men
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2023
Malvina N. Skorska, Morag A. Yule, Anthony F. Bogaert, Lori A. Brotto
Sexual arousal is an emotional state that arises in response to external stimuli (e.g., an erotic film) or in response to internal stimuli (e.g., sexual fantasy; Chivers, 2005). In keeping with the IMM, the information processing model of sexual arousal posits that erotic stimuli must be appraised as sexually relevant and then processed through a series of cognitive and physiological steps before sexual arousal can occur (Barlow, 1986; Rosen & Beck, 1988). Laboratory measures focus on two types of sexual arousal: genital and subjective (self-reported). Measurement of genital arousal in men is commonly done using a penile plethysmograph, which measures changes in the circumference of the penis with genital arousal, or erection.