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Poison Ivy/Oak/Sumac
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Vitamin C can be applied locally as a paste. Vitamin C powder can be mixed gradually with hot water until a paste is formed. This paste should be applied three times a day until symptoms subside.5
Introduction to dermatological treatment
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Pastes are a mixture of a powder in an ointment. They stay where you put them and do not spread away from that site as the skin warms up - like creams and ointments do. Examples include Lassar's pasteUK and Zinc oxide paste.USA
3.00: Personal hygiene
Published in Fiona Broadley, Supporting Life Skills for Young Children with Vision Impairment and Other Disabilities, 2020
Children with sensory issues may find toothbrushes invasive and toothpaste flavours rather strong, so alternative strategies may need to be employed. Soft brushes are best to start with. To maximise visibility, choose a bright, well-saturated coloured brush. For babies, look at the silicone finger brushes/gum massagers. These are available clear or coloured, and introduce your baby to toothbrushing gently, with no risk of jamming the toothbrush to the back of the throat. Babies only need a smear of paste.
Investigating the effects of dermal exposure to in-vivo animal models on the riot-control properties of a powder formulation of Tragia involucrata leaf hair lining
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2023
Trishna Mani Nath, Sanghita Das, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
Wistar albino rats were used in this test, which was conducted in accordance with OECD guideline number 402 [19]. Rats were chosen and divided randomly into two groups test and control (n = 6). The test group received a gauze patch loaded with powder formulation, and the control group received a gauze patch loaded with starch corn powder. Animals had their fur carefully clipped off the dorsal skin surface, which covers an area of 6 × 8 cm2, 24 h before the experiment started. The formulation (2000 mg/kg body weight) was first precisely weighed., then dissolved and suspended in distilled water to moisten the solid powder formulation and to make a paste-like consistency, for good skin contact [20,21]. For the test group, a three-fold gauze (approximately 4 × 4 cm2) was used, and the paste was applied. For the control group, a paste made up of starch corn powder dissolved in distilled water was applied. An upper dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight was chosen for dermal application following the limit test. The gauze dressing was taken off after the exposure period of 24 h. Throughout the first several hrs after the application of the gauze patch and at least once each day, for 14 days, the animals were checked for evidence of mortality, severe toxicity, and behavioural abnormalities. The observations made were a thorough examination of the fur, mucous membranes and eyes, and the respiratory and behavioural patterns [22].
Ivermectin associated adverse events in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 reported to the FACT pharmacovigilance project
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
Rita Farah, Ziad Kazzi, Jeffrey Brent, Keith Burkhart, Paul Wax, Kim Aldy
Ivermectin is available as an oral tablet (3 mg), topical cream (1%) and lotion (0.5%) for human use. It is also available for animal use in several forms including tablet, paste (1.87%), topical solution (5 mg/ml), and liquid for parenteral administration (1%). Several clinical trials have been undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of IVM against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While IVM has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on in vitro SARS-CoV-2 replication in the early stages of infection [4]; overall, the reliable evidence available does not support the use ivermectin for treatment or prevention of COVID-19 outside of well-designed randomized trials [5]. To date, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), FDA, WHO, and the European Medicines Agency have explicitly discouraged the use of IVM in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outside of clinical trials [6–9]. The US National institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel states that “there is insufficient evidence … to recommend either for or against the use of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19” [10]. The NIH further stated a need for adequately powered, well-designed, and well-conducted clinical trials in order to reach evidence-based guidance on the role of IVM in the treatment of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Real-time quantitative monitoring of in vitro nasal drug delivery by a nasal epithelial mucosa-on-a-chip model
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Hanieh Gholizadeh, Hui Xin Ong, Peta Bradbury, Agisilaos Kourmatzis, Daniela Traini, Paul Young, Ming Li, Shaokoon Cheng
Carbon conductive cement (CCC; Electron Microscopy Sciences, USA) was used as a solvent-resistant adhesive to prepare an electrode that adheres to the glass surface without being dissolved in the aqueous media throughout the experiments. Conical carbon nanofibers (CNFs; Sigma Aldrich, Australia) were added to the CCC to improve the electrical conductivity of the electrode [26]. To prepare the CNFs-modified carbon (CNFs-C) electrodes, CNFs were dispersed in 75 μL of the CCC thinner agent by sonication for 3 min. The suspension was mixed with the CCC manually until a paste with uniform texture was obtained. The paste was then applied onto the designated 13 × 1 mm area on a glass slide, compressed and spread homogeneously by using a spatula, and dried for 30 min at room temperature (Figure 1, steps (4) to (6)).