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Fluorescent Technology in the Assessment of Metabolic Disorders in Diabetes
Published in Andrey V. Dunaev, Valery V. Tuchin, Biomedical Photonics for Diabetes Research, 2023
Elena V. Zharkikh, Viktor V. Dremin, Andrey V. Dunaev
The study included the skin fluorescence spectra recording upon excitation with 365- and 450-nm light, as well as recording the LDF signal under thermoneutral conditions and during a series of temperature tests with temperature modes of 25°C, 35°C, and 42°C, respectively. A multi-optical fiber probe was used for delivery of probing radiation and registration of back-reflected secondary radiation from the tissue. The probe was secured on the dorsal surface of the foot to a point located on a plateau between the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones. Figure 9.6 shows the location of the optical sensor on the patient’s foot. To register these parameters, the “LAZMA-D” (SPE “LAZMA” Ltd, Russia) system was used, which consists of a “LAZMA-MC” multichannel laser analyzer and a “LAZMA-TEST” unit for providing functional tests.
Smart Software for Real-Time Image Analysis
Published in Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem, Innovative Smart Healthcare and Bio-Medical Systems, 2020
Marius Popescu, Antoanela Naaji
In conclusion, the content of the video on the external memory is genuine, meaning that there are no changes or interventions that alter the reality of the recording, as shown in the image analysis by using the software described above. In the case of medical imagery, the acquisition process is laborious. There are many optical sensors (ranging from hundreds to millions) that convert light into electricity and then into bits. All of these processes, in addition to the sensor features and errors that do not depend on the actual acquisition, such as equipment optics, lead to image deformation and noise addition. The changes we make on an image cover these drawbacks as much as possible, the resulting image being ready for further processing. The application allows us to switch to a grayscale image (simplifying both image coding and access to a wide spectrum of processing techniques) in cases in which the color is an irrelevant information (e.g., in order to determine the contours of the image). An example is presented in Figure 1.7.
Rapid Methods in Cosmetic Microbiology
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
The Biolumix and Soleris Neogen systems employ a variety of broth media that will encourage the growth of target microorganisms. The vials contain unique dyes in which microbial growth is detected by changes in color or fluorescence. An optical sensor detects these changes, which are expressed as light intensity units. The vials are also constructed with two independent zones: an upper incubation zone and a lower reading zone. The two zones eliminate masking of the optical pathway by the test sample and/or by microbial turbidity.
Integrated nanophotonics - guiding molecular analysis out from the lab
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Among the different transduction technologies available for the development of sensing devices, optical/photonic sensors are one of those with a higher potential for LOC technology. Typically, optical sensors have been based on fluorescence or colorimetric methods, where labeling is a must. Label-free optical detection was then achieved using for example surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, a technique in the frontier between optics and electronics, where very high sensitivities can be achieved, but where multiplexed detection is very limited. In this context, there is currently a huge interest in optical sensors based on guided-wave integrated nanophotonics. In this technology, photonic chips comprising different nanometric-scale elements able to guide and control light are created, being the photonic counterpart of microelectronic chips. Integrated nanophotonic sensing structures can be developed to exhibit a high interaction between the optical field and the molecules of interest, thus being able to directly detect the small variations in the refractive index caused by the presence of those substances without the need of labels. In this way, it is possible to develop sensing elements with a very high sensitivity and a size of only a few μm2, so that we can integrate hundreds of them in a photonic chip of few mm2 for highly multiplexed detection (seeFigure 1). And very importantly, these photonic chips can be fabricated using mass-production materials, equipment, and processes coming from the microelectronics industry, thus ensuring high volumes and low costs.
Molecular Diagnostic Tools for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2021
Manali Datta, Desh Deepak Singh, Afsar R. Naqvi
Optical biosensors utilize light to monitor interaction (binding or a reaction) between a probe and an analyte by determining changes in light absorption post-interaction. Label-free optical sensor may percept the change in refractive index and thus confirm binding of the analyte–probe molecule. Alternatively, optical sensors can utilize fluorescent tags that have the capability to produce or quench a signal upon interaction between analyte and probe. Gravimetric biosensors use the basic principle of a response to detect change in mass due to binding between probe and analyte. Acoustic-based gravimetric sensors perceive the alteration in resonating frequency corresponding to the binding of the analyte and probe and thus the increase in mass of the bimolecular complex. Electrochemical sensors detect the change in electron flow between interacting molecules and represent it as resultant change in electric current [41]. An interaction between two biological macromolecules often results in the flux of electrons. Leveraging electron level changes may reveal molecular interactions, which thereafter may be assessed quantitatively or semi-quantitatively. Various interacting partners like DNA–DNA, DNA–RNA, DNA–protein, and protein–ligand have been envisaged for designing electrochemical biosensors as in vitro diagnostics.
Results from a clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of real-time body surface visual feedback in reducing patient motion during lung cancer radiotherapy
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2018
Gareth J. Price, Corinne Faivre-Finn, Julia Stratford, Sheena Chauhan, Michelle Bewley, Laura Clarke, Corinne N. Johnson, Christopher J. Moore
Using the novel in-house developed optical sensor previously described [12], we hypothesized that if presented with a clear representation of their current pose and position with respect to a reference, patients would be able to both reduce their respiratory motion and better conform to their specified reference position. We developed a series of visualization schema and were able to demonstrate in a prospective study in healthy volunteers that using the device reduced periodic motion amplitude and overall position variability in all subjects by up to 40% [17]. This work built upon previous visual feedback studies in which single parameter surrogates for patient respiratory motion (e.g. thoracic pressure belt [18,19], spirometry [20], and body markers [21]) were used to encourage patients to adopt a stable breathing pattern [22] or breath hold to increase gated treatment duty cycle [23,24] and help sparing of critical organs [25]. A concise review of some of the literature is provided by Pollock et al. [26].